1409超强台风“威马逊”近海急剧加强特征及成因分析  

Characteristics and Cause Analysis of Super Typhoon (NO.1409) "Rammasun" Rapid Strengthening in Offshore Area

作　　者：李华实 廖胜石 李露芳 潘一铭 农明哲 

机构地区：[1]崇左市气象局,广西崇左532200 [2]鹿寨县气象局,广西柳州450223 [3]上思县气象局,广西防城港535500

出　　处：《气象研究与应用》2016年第1期47-51,I0003,共6页Journal of Meteorological Research and Application

基　　金：中国气象局预报员专项(CMAYBY2015-055)

摘　　要：运用实况资料、NCEP/NCAR六小时再分析资料以及2014年CMA热带气旋最佳路径数据集,对1409号超强台风"威马逊"近海急剧加强的特征及成因进行探讨分析,结果表明:高空华北槽东移,引导地面冷空气南下,副高西退略北抬,与"威马逊"形成了"东高西低"和"北高南低"的形势,增大两者间梯度,使"威马逊"强度加强;近海急剧加强24h内,台风暖心对称化结构加强,强暖中心往高低层扩展,低层偏南暖湿气流输送持续加强,对流层上层辐散不断增强,台风高层环流的西侧和北侧亦是辐散的大值区,台风西行北上的过程中利于其强辐散的维持和加强;台风中心正涡度柱急剧增大,并向对流层上层扩展,配合弱的垂直切变,利于台风的急剧加强;另外,物理量的分析也表明,"威马逊"近海急剧加强前24h内,台风环流附近大气层结不稳定度有增大的趋势。Based on the conventional observation data, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the CMA data of best tropical cyclone path of 2014, the characteristics and mechanism of rapid strengthening in offshore area of super typhoon ＂ Rammasun＂ were analyzed. The results show that： the high-altitude North China trough moving to eastward, which led to southward invasion of cold air, and the subtropical high backing ward east and slightly moving to northward formed the pattern of pressure with typhoon ＂ Rammasun＂ , like： ＂ high-east-and-low-west＂ and ＂ high- north-and-low-south＂ , which enlarge the gradient and strengthen the typhoon; within the 24h of rapid strengthening in offshore area, the symmetrical structure of typhoon warm center was strengthened and the powerful warm center expanded. the transportation of low-level southward jet sustained, the divergence in upper layer of troposphere continuously enhanced, in addition, the the high-level circulation of typhoon on both west and north side are wide area of divergence, the process of typhoon moving westward to north was in favor of maintaining and strengthen the strong divergence. The positive vorticity column of typhoon center increased rapidly and extended to the upper-level troposphere matched with weak vertical shear, which is beneficial to the rapid strengthen of typhoon. Furthermore, the analysis of physical quantities also show that during the 24 h before the rapid strengthen of ＂ Rammasun＂ in offshore area, the instability of atmospheric stratification around typhoon circulation tended to increase.

关 键 词：近海急剧加强 副高 动力和水汽条件 不稳定条件 

分 类 号：P458.124[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]