美味猕猴桃同日不同时间授粉效果研究  

Study on Pollination Effect of Different Time on the Same Day for Delicious Kiwifruit

作　　者：郭学雨 安成立[1] 王逸珺 张超[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《北方园艺》2016年第11期34-37,共4页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：国家财政部重大农业推广专项资助项目(2011-2015);国家科技部星火计划资助项目(2012GA105008);陕西省猕猴桃产业体系资助项目(K336021102)

摘　　要：为了明确美味猕猴桃同日内最佳授粉时间,以"海沃德""徐香""哑特"为试材,采用人工授粉方法,研究了不同时间授粉对猕猴桃果实性状的影响。结果表明:美味猕猴桃在晴天07:00—11:00和15:00—17:00平均单果质量分别为104.6g和102.1g;13:00和19:00单果质量较低,分别为89.1g和94.6g,平均91.9g,比上午和下午平均值103.4g低11.5g,减产11.1%;在06:00,9℃授粉的"徐香""哑特"美味猕猴桃单果质量、坐果率比上下午2个时间段单果质量、坐果率平均值100g、78.0%,低28.3g、29.9个百分点,13:00湿度29%授粉的美味猕猴桃单果质量、坐果率比上下午2个时间段单果质量、坐果率平均值低8.9g、11.7个百分点;从不同品种看,"海沃德"和"徐香"单果质量日变化规律类似,上午优于下午,而"哑特"则相反。综上,在生产上美味猕猴桃以晴天上午授粉为主,温度低于9℃不能授粉,13:00和19:00不宜授粉。In order to clear the best pollination time,taking ＇Hayward＇,＇Xuxiang＇,＇Yate＇as test material,using handpollinate method,the effect of pollination at different time on the characters of kiwifrut was studied.The results showed that the single fruit weight of delicious kiwifruit were 104.6g and 102.1g at 07：00—11：00and 15：00—17：00on a sunny day,respectively.The single fruit weight were 89.1g and 94.6g at 13：00and 19：00respectively which was low.The average weight of 91.9g was lower 11.5g than the average weight of 103.4g in the morning and afternoon,a decrease of 11.1%.When‘Xuxiang＇and‘Yate＇were pollinated at 6：00,9℃,its single fruit weight was lower 28.3g than the two times that pollinated in the morning and afternoon whose single fruit weight was 100 g,and its fruit setting rate was lower 29.9 than the day fruit setting rate.When ＇Xuxiang＇ and ＇Yate＇ were pollinated at 13：00whose humidity was 29%,its single fruit weight was lower 8.9g than the two times that pollinated in the morning and afternoon,and its fruit setting rate was lower 11.7percentage point than the day fruit setting rate.Look from different species,fruit weight daily variation of‘Hayward＇was similar to‘Xuxiang＇,while ‘Yate＇was the opposite.In the production,we should mainly pollinate in the morning on a sunny day,couldn＇t pollinate when the temperature below 9℃.It was inappropriate at 13：00—19：00to pollinate.

关 键 词：美味猕猴桃 品种 温度湿度 不同时间 授粉效果 

分 类 号：S663.403.8[农业科学—果树学]