海南岛海风演变特征的观测分析  

An Observational Analysis of Sea Breeze Characteristics over the Hainan Island

作　　者：王静[1] 苗峻峰[1] 冯文[2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室,南京210044 [2]海南省气象台,海口570203

出　　处：《气象科学》2016年第2期244-255,共12页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(气象)科研专项经费项目(GYHY201306009)

摘　　要：本文利用2012年海南岛19个常规气象站、5个海岛站的逐时资料以及海口站的探空资料,对海南岛海风的时空演变特征及在不同天气条件下海风发展的特征进行了统计分析,结果表明:2012年全年海南岛的海风多发生于春、秋季,频率分别为40%和33%,冬季最少(约为19%),尤其是一月,大部分站点均不足10%。夏季海风出现时刻较早;南部沿海海风结束时间晚于北部沿海;冬季海风开始得较晚,南部海风结束时间早于北部沿海。海风平均持续时间约为10 h。沿海站的海风风速主要集中在3~6 m·s^(-1),且最大风速值出现在春季,除琼山、海口站外,最大海风强度多出现于春夏季。内陆站中部山区附近海风出现频率较高、开始时刻较早、持续时间较长、强度也较大。海风向内陆的传播距离至少为70 km;海风易发生在阴天,其次为多云天气,少云日的海风最少。In this study, based on the hourly observational data from 19 regular stations and 5 island stations in Hainan Island, with the radiosonde data over Haikou station, the temporal and spatial charac- teristics of sea breeze over Hainan Island in 2012 are analyzed, and the development characteristics of sea breeze under different weather conditions are also discussed. The result shows that sea breeze tends to occur in spring （40%） and autumn （33%）, with the minimum frequency （19%） in winter, especially in January, the frequencies at most stations are less than 10%. In summer, sea breeze appears earlier, and compared to the northern area, it tends to stay longer over southern coastal area, however, in winter these two characteristics are opposite. The sea breezes last for about 10 hours in average. The speed of sea breezes at coastal stations is about 3 ~ 6 m·s^-1 , and the maximum speed appears in spring. Except at Qiongshan and Haikou stations, the strongest sea breezes usually can be found in spring or summer. Among inland stations, sea breezes are highly frequent at stations surrounded by mountains due to the enhancement effect of the mountain-valley breeze, with earlier onset time. stronger sneed and longer last-ing time. The sea breezes can extend to the inland about 70 km away at least. Most of sea breezes are as- sociated with overcast days, followed by cloudy ones, there are very few under clear-sky conditions.

关 键 词：海风 演变特征 观测分析 海南岛 

分 类 号：P425.41[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]