胚性愈伤率不同的普通小麦成熟胚生化及形态特性的差异  

Characteristic Differences of Mature Wheat Embryos with Different Inducing Embryonic Callus Rates

作　　者：雒盼妮 王志成 王勇锋[1] 崔桂宾[1] 张舒梦 杨国玉[1] 孙风丽[1] 张超[1] 刘曙东[1] 奚亚军[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陇县种子管理站,陕西陇县721200

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2016年第6期728-735,共8页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家转基因生物新品种培育科技重大专项(2208ZX080022003);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2015KTZDN Y01-08)

摘　　要：胚性愈伤率直接决定组织培养中植物再生的效率。为探究胚性愈伤率诱导效果不同的普通小麦成熟胚之间的差异性,以根据胚性愈伤率诱导效果高低所取得的共10种小麦基因型的成熟胚为材料,分别对可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、纤维素、谷胱甘肽和游离氨基酸5种生化指标进行测定与分析,并利用实体显微镜和石蜡切片的方法分别观察10种小麦基因型成熟胚的外部形态和内部结构。生化指标测定结果显示,两类小麦成熟胚的可溶性蛋白和纤维素含量存在显著性差异,而可溶性糖、谷胱甘肽和游离氨基酸含量在两者间差异并不显著。相关性分析发现,小麦成熟胚胚性愈伤率与纤维素含量存在极显著正相关,与可溶性蛋白含量存在显著负相关。在对外部形态进行的观察中,发现两类小麦成熟胚的高度之间存在显著性差异。而对内部结构进行的观察中,并未发现两类小麦成熟胚之间存在显著性差异。Efficiency of plant regeneration is directly determined by embryonic callus rate. To explore the differences between wheat mature embryos with different embryonic callus rates, ten kinds of genotypes of wheat mature embryos were chosen and five kinds of physiological and biochemical indices were measured, according to embryonic callus rates,including soluble sugar, soluble protein, cellulose, glutathione and free amino acid. External and internal structures for mature embryos of ten kinds of genotypes were observed by stereomicroscope and paraffin section method. Biochemical tests showed that there were significant differences in soluble protein and cellulose content between two types of wheat mature embryos. Other indices like contents of soluble sugar, free amino acid and glutathione had no significant difference between the two groups of mature embryos. Correlation analysis showed that the induction rates of embryonic callus had highly significantly positive correlation with cellulose contents, but significantly negative correlation with soluble protein content. In observation of the external morphology, there was significant difference between the height of two types of wheat mature embryos. However, in the observation of the internal structure, no significant difference was found between the two types of wheat mature embryos.

关 键 词：普通小麦 成熟胚 胚性愈伤组织 差异性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S312