三种有机物料对铬污染土壤理化性质及小麦生长发育特征的影响  

Effect of Three Organic Materials on Physical and Chemical Properties of Chromium Contaminated Soil and the Growth and Development Characteristics of Wheat

作　　者：邵云[1] 王文斐[1] 李学梅[1] 马守臣[2] 王敬婼 陈静雯[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453000 [2]河南理工大学测绘与国土信息工程学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2016年第6期779-788,共10页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B08;2013BAD07B14;2013BAD07B07)

摘　　要：为研究玉米秸秆、菌渣和生物炭对Cr污染土壤的修复效果及相应小麦植株的响应,于2013-2014年在河南师范大学网室进行盆栽试验,在250mg·k^(-1)和400mg·k^(-1) Cr污染土壤中添加一定剂量的上述3种有机物料,研究它们对不同时期的土壤理化性质、小麦生长发育特征、土壤Cr生物有效性以及小麦籽粒Cr积累的影响。结果表明,添加玉米秸秆(6g·k^(-1))和生物炭(50g·kg^(-1))可使土壤pH降低,添加菌渣(140g·k^(-1))可显著提高250mg·k^(-1) Cr污染土壤pH值,但对400mg·k^(-1) Cr污染土壤pH值没有明显的促进作用;添加3种有机物料均可显著提高土壤有机质含量,促进小麦株高增加、叶绿素含量升高,使其光抑制减弱、光合活性增强,有效提高小麦产量,降低土壤有效态Cr和小麦籽粒Cr含量,但总体上菌渣作用效果最佳,生物炭次之,玉米秸秆最差。In order to study the effect of maize straw,biochar,mushroom residue on the remediation of Chromium（Cr） contaminated soil and the corresponding response of wheat plants,a screenhouse pot experiment was conducted in Henan Normal University,in which a dose of the three different organic materials were added to soils polluted by 250 mg· kg^-1 and 400 mg· kg^-1 Cr. Physical and chemical properties of contaminated soil, growth and development characteristics of wheat, as well as the effectiveness of soil Cr and the Cr uptake by grains at different growth stages were studied. The results in dicated that,adding maize straw（6 g · kg^-1） and biochar（50 g · kg^-1） both resulted in decrease of soil pH value, adding mushroom（140 g · kg^- 1） residue could significantly increase the soil pH value of soil polluted by 250 mg · kg^-1 Cr and had little positive impact on the pH value of soil polluted by 400 mg· kg^-1 Cr. Furthermore, soil organic matter content was increased significantly by adding all the three organic materials. Under the stress of Cr, by adding straw, biochar and mushroom residue, the elongation of wheat plants was enhanced,and chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity were increased, and the photo inhibition of plant was weaken. Meanwhile, wheat yield was significantly increased and the content of available Cr in soil the application of the three organic materials mushroom residue〉biochar〉maize straw. and Cr uptake by grains were decreased. We suggest that could effectively immobilize Cr in soil,with the range of

关 键 词：铬 小麦 土壤 秸秆 生物炭 菌渣 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330