沟灌方式和有机肥配合对甜糯玉米产量和土壤有机碳组分及酶活性的影响  

Effect of furrow irrigation and organic manure on sweet-waxy maize yield and soil organic carbon and enzyme activity

作　　者：罗慧[1,2] 吴祥颖[1,2] 李伏生[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院,广西南宁530005 [2]广西喀斯特地区节水农业新技术院士工作站,广西南宁530005 [3]广西高校作物栽培学与耕作学重点实验室,广西南宁530005

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2016年第3期31-38,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家863计划"糯玉米水肥联合调控技术和模式"(2011AA100504);国家自然科学基金"薄浅湿晒与干湿交替灌溉稻田甲烷和氧化亚氮排放机制和水氮运筹模式"(51469003);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项子课题"喀斯特峰丛洼地型‘替代型草食畜牧业’模式增值增汇试验示范"(XDA05070403)

摘　　要：为探明有利于提高甜糯玉米鲜穗产量和土壤质量的水肥供应模式,开展了3种有机肥料（牛粪FC、生物有机肥FB和猪粪FP）和2种有机无机N比例（70%无机N＋30%有机N（1）,60%无机N＋40%有机N（2））下,3种沟灌方式（常规沟灌CFI,交替隔沟灌AFI和隔沟灌溉FFI）配合对甜糯玉米产量和土壤有机碳组分及酶活性影响的田间试验。结果表明：FFI时,与FB相比,FC和FP甜糯玉米鲜穗产量分别提高1.6%和2.3%,且FC处理提高土壤易氧化有机碳（ROC）和微生物量碳,FP处理提高土壤可溶性有机碳（DOC）含量。各沟灌方式下,与FC1相比,FC2不同程度提高甜糯玉米鲜穗产量、土壤过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性、有机碳（SOC）、ROC和DOC含量,其中土壤ROC和DOC含量分别提高14.5%~37.9%和24.3%~78.5%。与CFI相比,FC1时,抽雄期AFI和FFI土壤ROC、灌浆期AFI和成熟期FFI土壤DOC显著提高;FC2时,抽雄期FFI土壤有机碳提高10.3%,抽雄期和灌浆期AFI和FFI土壤ROC提高19.8%~31.5%,灌浆期和成熟期FFI土壤DOC分别提高57.9%和26.1%。玉米鲜穗产量与灌浆期土壤脲酶活性、SOC、ROC和DOC,以及SOC与ROC之间呈显著相关关系,其中鲜穗产量与DOC之间相关系数为0.834。因此,60%无机N＋40%牛粪N与隔沟灌溉或交替隔沟灌结合是有利于提高甜糯玉米鲜穗产量和土壤质量的水肥供应模式。To improve maize yield and soil quality through irrigation and fertilization,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of conventional furrow irrigation（ CFI）,alternate irrigation on every other furrow（ AFI） and irrigation on every other furrow（ FFI） on sweet-waxy maize yield and soil organic carbon fraction and enzyme activity. Three organic fertilization modes were used,i. e. cattle manure FC,biological-organic fertilizer FB and pig manure FP,and two ratios of inorganic to organic N,70% inorganic N ＋ 30% organic N treatment and60% inorganic N ＋ 40% organic N treatment. At FFI,compared to FB,FC and FP increased fresh yield of sweetsticky maize by 1. 6% and 2. 3%,and FC increased soil readily oxidized organic carbon（ ROC） and microbial biomass carbon,and FP increased soil dissolved organic carbon（ DOC）. Under the three furrow irrigation methods,compared to FC1,FC2 increased the fresh yield of sweet-sticky maize,the activities of catalase and invertase and the contents of organic carbon（ SOC）,ROC and DOC in soil,and increased the contents of ROC and DOC by 14.5% ~ 37. 9% 和 24. 3% ~ 78. 5%. Compared to CFI,at FC1,the contents of ROC in AFI and FFI at tassellingstage,the contents of DOC in AFI at filling stage and FFI at maturing stage were significantly enhanced,while at FC2,it increased organic carbon in FFI at tasselling stage by 10. 3%,ROC in AFI and FFI at tasselling and maturing stages by 19. 8% ~ 31. 5%,DOC in FFI at filling and maturing stages by 57. 9% and 26. 1%. The sweetwaxy maize yield was significantly positively correlated with the invertase,SOC,ROC and DOC at filling stage,and SOC and ROC was also significantly correlated at filling stage. Thus the combination of 60% inorganic N and 40%organic cattle manure N and fixed or alternate furrow irrigation is recommended as suitable method for improving the water and fertilizer use efficiency in the target areas.

关 键 词：根区局部灌溉 有机肥 有机与无机N比例 土壤酶活性 土壤有机碳组分 甜糯玉米 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] S513[农业科学—农业工程]