喷灌条件下不同灌溉施肥对玉米耗水和产量的影响  

Effect of different irrigation and fertilization on water consumption and yield of corn under the condition of sprinkler irrigation

作　　者：王海瑞[1] 吕志远[1] 汤鹏程 苗澍 郭克贞 任杰 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010018 [2]中国水科院牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2016年第3期72-77,107,共7页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家科技支撑“东北四省(区)节水增粮高效灌溉技术研究与规模示范”(2014BAD12B03);内蒙古自治区水利厅科技攻关“通辽平原玉米喷灌水肥一体化技术研究”(2015CD1543)

摘　　要：通过野外实测资料,定量研究大型喷灌条件下不同灌水量(3个水平)和肥力(3个水平)处理对玉米耗水规律、产量和水分生产效率的影响。结果表明,拔节期和灌浆期是玉米需水的关键阶段;玉米不同处理在各生育期耗水量在25.63~182.74 mm之间变化,变幅较大。相同肥力处理下,玉米各生育期耗水量总体变化均呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势;相同水分处理下,玉米耗水量、产量随肥力的增加而增加;对比分析发现,产量对水量变化的敏感程度远高于施肥量变化的敏感程度;玉米全生育期总耗水量与玉米产量之间呈现良好的抛物线关系(R2=0.829),耗水量为4 673 m3·hm^(-2)时产量Y值最大,为11 151 kg·hm^(-2)。在同等灌水和施肥条件下,处理SF-9比SF-10(CK)增产8.40%,水分生产效率提高15.0%,其它处理增产7.89%~54.51%,喷灌条件下玉米增产效果明显。Through the actual measured data in field,quantitatively researched the effects of different irrigation amounts（ three levels） and fertilities（ three levels） to the water comsumption rule,yield and water production efficiency of corn under the conditions of large scale sprinkler irrigation. The results showed that： The jointing stage and filling stage were the critical period of corn water requirements. The water consumption of corn in each growth stage with different treatments were change between 25. 63 mm to 182. 74 mm,the change range was rather big.Under the same fertility treatment,the overall variation of corn＇s water consumption in each growth stage was showed the change trend as first increase and then decrease. Under the same water treatment,the corn water consumption and yield were increased with the fertility increase. According to the comparison,found that the sensitivity of water to production was bigger than the sensitivity of fertilization. The relationship between total water consumption of corn in whole growth period with the yield was showed a good parabolic relation（ R2= 0. 829） and obtained when the water consumption was 4 673 m3·hm^（- 2）,the cron yield will be the highest as 11 151 kg·hm^（- 2）. Under the same condition of irrigation and fertilizaer,the yield of SF- 9 treatment will be increased production of 8. 4% than SF- 10（ CK）,the water production efficiency will be increased 15%. Other treatments will be increased the production from 7. 89% to 54. 51%. Under sprinkler irrigation condition,the effect of increasing corn production was obvious.

关 键 词：大型喷灌 玉米 需水规律 肥力 水分生产率 产量 

分 类 号：S275.5[农业科学—农业水土工程] S513[农业科学—农业工程]