甘肃省榆中县菜地土壤与蔬菜中硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐含量及食用安全性评价  

Nitrate and nitrite concentrations in vegetables and soils in Yuzhong County of Gansu Province and their safety evaluation

作　　者：王彦斌[1,2] 杨一鸣[1,2] 曾亮[1,2] 苏琼[1,2] 赵利斌 

机构地区：[1]西北民族大学化工学院,甘肃兰州730030 [2]甘肃省高校环境友好复合材料及生物质利用省级重点实验室,甘肃兰州730030 [3]四川北方硝化棉股份有限公司,四川成都610063

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2016年第3期228-233,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：西北民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(zyj2011007;zyj2011006;No.31920130023)

摘　　要：在甘肃省榆中县蔬菜基地,选择20个点位采集5种蔬菜(100株)及相应的土样,在分别对硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐含量分析测试的基础上,开展蔬菜硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐污染评价、富集能力分析及食用安全性评估。结果表明:研究区土壤表层(0~20 cm)硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐平均含量分别为30.58 mg·kg^(-1)和52.35 mg·kg^(-1),土壤深层(20~50 cm)硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐含量分别为9.14 mg·kg^(-1)和0.11 mg·kg^(-1),硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐主要聚集在土壤表层。蔬菜中(鲜重)硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐平均含量分别为1649.18 mg·kg^(-1)与0.64 mg·kg^(-1),硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐平均富集系数分别为53.94与0.01。硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐在5种蔬菜中的累积含量不同,且蔬菜中硝酸盐含量远大于亚硝酸盐含量。硝酸盐在不同蔬菜中的累积顺序为大白菜≈菜花>韭菜≈芹菜≈甘蓝,亚硝酸盐在不同蔬菜中的累积顺序为韭菜>菜花≈甘蓝≈芹菜大白菜,大白菜对硝酸盐有更强的富集能力,而韭菜对亚硝酸盐有更强的富集作用。在所有样品中,有2%的蔬菜样品受到硝酸盐轻度污染,有7%的蔬菜样品受到硝酸盐中度污染,有33%的蔬菜样品受到硝酸盐重度污染,有56%的蔬菜样品受到硝酸盐严重污染。蔬菜亚硝酸盐含量较低,均未超过国家食品污染物限量值。A systematic survey of nitrate and nitrite concentrations in five kinds of vegetables（ involving 100samples） and their corresponding soils at 20 sampling sites in vegetable plots of Yuzhong County,Gansu Province,was conducted for assessing their pollution,bioavaibility,and safety to local residents. The results showed that the average concentrations of nitrate and nitrite in surface soils in the studied plots were 30. 58 mg·kg^（-1）and 52. 35mg·kg^（-1）,respectively,and that in deep soils were 9. 14 mg·kg^（-1）and 0. 11 mg·kg^（-1）,respectively,indicating that the deposition of nitrate and nitrite was mainly in surface soils. The average concentrations of nitrate and nitrite in vegetables were 1649. 18 mg·kg^（-1）and 0. 64 mg·kg^（-1）fresh weight（ FW）,respectively. The average bio-concentration factors（ BCFs） of nitrate and nitrite in vegetables were 53. 94 and 0. 01,respectively. The average concentrations of nitrate and nitrite in five vegetables were significantly different,with nitrate being higher than nitrite in vegetables. The order of nitrate in vegetables was Chinese cabbage ≈ cauliflower leek ≈ celery ≈ cabbage,and that of nitrite in vegetables was leek cauliflower ≈ cabbage ≈ celery Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage had stronger enrichment ability of nitrate. Of all the samples,2% was slightly,7% moderately,33% severely,and 56% seriously polluted by nitrate.

关 键 词：蔬菜 土壤 硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐 食用安全评价 甘肃省榆中县 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X503.231