外源氮对小麦离体穗干物质及Zn积累、分配规律的影响  

Effects of Exogenous Nitrogen on Dry Matter,Zn Accumulation and Distribution Law of Detached Wheat Spikes in vitro Culture

作　　者：姜丽娜[1] 张豫[1] 李学梅[1] 徐光武[1] 胡乃月[1] 王亚帆[1] 李春喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学生命科学学院,河南新乡453007

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2016年第5期22-27,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1204313);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD14B08;2013BAD07B14;2013BAD07B07)

摘　　要：为分析外源氮与小麦穗部建成的关系,采用离体穗培养的方法,研究了不同质量浓度外源氮(NH_4NO_3)供给条件下,小麦离体穗部干物质及微量元素Zn的积累和分配规律。结果表明,随培养时间的增加,离体穗干物质积累总量呈增加趋势。外源氮促进了离体穗干物质的积累,培养25 d,周麦18(Z_(18))和济麦22(J_(22))穗部干物质积累量均以N0.5处理最高,以N0处理最低。随外源氮水平的增加,旗叶、旗叶鞘、穗下节干物质转运量和转运率变化趋势相同,外源氮供给降低了穗部营养器官干物质对籽粒的贡献率;但高氮处理促进了旗叶干物质向籽粒的转运,N2.0处理下,Z_(18)和J_(22)离体穗干物质转运量均表现为旗叶>旗叶鞘>穗下节。穗离体培养过程中,Z_(18)穗器官Zn积累量峰值早于J_(22)。离体穗器官中,Z_(18)培养20 d、J_(22)培养15 d和20 d时,在所有氮质量浓度处理下均以籽粒Zn积累量较高,旗叶鞘较低。培养25 d,Z_(18)籽粒Zn积累量高于J_(22),但在N0.5和N1.5处理下其旗叶、穗下节及穗轴+颖壳Zn积累量则低于J_(22)。外源氮供给对小麦离体穗的Zn积累有促进作用,但是过高质量浓度的氮供应会抑制Zn积累。培养25 d,Z_(18)和J_(22)离体穗的Zn积累量均以N0.5处理最高,籽粒Zn积累量分别以N1.0和N0.5处理最高。In order to study the relationship of nitrogen and wheat spike growth,effects of exogenous nitrogen on dry matter and Zn accumulation and distribution law of detached wheat spikes in vitro culture were studied. NH4NO3 was the nitrogen source. Zhoumai 18（ Z_（18）） and Jimai 22（ J_（22）） were chosen as the materials in vitro ear culture. The results showed that dry matter accumulation of detached spikes increased as the culture time went on. Exogenous nitrogen promoted dry matter accumulation of detached spikes.At 25 d after cultivation,dry matter accumulation of detached spikes reached the highest value under N0. 5treatment and the lowest value under N0 treatment. With the adding of exogenous nitrogen level,the variation trend of dry matter transportation amount appeared as same as transportation rate in flag leaf,flag leaf sheath and peduncle. And exogenous nitrogen reduced the contribution rate of vegetable organs dry matter to grain,while higher nitrogen could accelerate the transportation of dry matter in flag leaf to grain. The order of dry matter transportation amounts of Z_（18） and J_（22）was the same as flag leaf flag leaf sheath peduncle under N2. 0treatment. During the culture,Zn accumulation maximum in spike organ of Z_（18） appeared earlier than that of J_（22）. Among the organs of detached spike,Z_（18） had the higher Zn accumulationin grain and lower Zn accumulation in flag leaf sheath at 20 d after cultivation,meanwhile,J_（22） showed the same trend at both 15 d and 20 d after cultivation. Zn accumulation in grains of Z_（18） was higher than that of J_（22）,while flag leaf,flag leaf sheath,peduncle,glume and spike-stalk were all lower than that of J_（22） under N0. 5and N1. 5treatments. Exogenous nitrogen was beneficial to Zn accumulation of detached spike,but too high nitrogen application amount could inhibit the Zn accumulation. At 25 d after cultivation,Zn accumulation of detached spike in both Z_（18） and J_（22）were the highest under N0. 5treatmen

关 键 词：小麦 离体穗培养 干物质 Zn积累 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]