可控震源高效采集数据特征干扰压制技术  

The elimination technology for special interference in vibroseis efficient acquisition data

作　　者：曲英铭 李振春[1] 韩文功[2] 胡立新[3] 黄建平[1] 黄金强 

机构地区：[1]中国石油大学(华东)地球科学与技术学院,山东青岛266580 [2]中国石油化工集团公司石油工程地球物理有限公司,北京100029 [3]中国石油化工集团公司石油工程地球物理有限公司胜利分公司,山东东营257000

出　　处：《石油物探》2016年第3期395-407,共13页Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2014CB239006;2011CB202402);国家自然科学基金项目(41104069;41274124);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(R1401005A);中国石油大学(华东)研究生创新工程(YCXJ2016001)联合资助~~

摘　　要：可控震源远距离同步滑动扫描(DS4)高效采集方式极大地提高了野外采集效率,但这种采集方式会产生两种较为严重的特征干扰噪声——谐波干扰噪声和交涉干扰噪声,给室内数据处理造成了较大的困难。针对这两种特征干扰噪声分别进行噪声压制:对谐波干扰采用自适应匹配预测滤波谐波压制方法,克服了地面力信号记录不准确和大地对基波信号和谐波信号衰减不同造成的预测谐波不准确问题,准确地压制谐波干扰,同时几乎不损害有效能量;将存在交涉干扰的记录变换到人工分选道集中再进行随机噪声压制。模型试算和野外实际资料的测试结果证明了特征干扰压制方法能很好地压制谐波干扰和交涉干扰,且谐波干扰和交涉干扰压制后的叠加剖面中谐波噪声被消除,交涉干扰导致的同相轴不连续现象也得到了明显改善。Vibroseis distance separated simultaneous slip sweep（DS4）efficient acquisition style greatly improved the efficiency of filed seismic data collection,but the acquisition style will generate two serious special interference including harmonic noise and crosstalk noise,which bring greater difficulties to indoor data processing.In this paper,the elimination technologies for the two main special noises are discussed respectively：an adaptive matched predictive filtering method is proposed to eliminate harmonic noise,which can overcome the problem of inaccurate prediction of harmonic noise caused by the inaccurate force signal and the difference between the attenuation of the earth for fundamental signal and harmonic signal.The method can eliminate the harmonic noise accurately without damaging effective energy.For the crosstalk noise,we transform the seismic records to manual sorting gathers,where the crosstalk noise is eliminated as random noise.From the test of model and real data we can find out that the harmonic noise and crosstalk noise are eliminated well.In the stacked profile after eliminating harmonic noise and crosstalk noise,harmonic noise is eliminated and the event discontinuous phenomenon caused by crosstalk noise is also improved significantly.

关 键 词：DS4 谐波干扰 交涉干扰 自适应匹配预测滤波 可控震源 

分 类 号：P631[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]