山西省万荣县中小学生狂犬病认知调查研究  

Survey on cognition of rabies among rural elementary and middle school students in Wanrong county of Shanxi province

作　　者：张娇[1] 张军楠[2] 王泽义[3] 时念民[2] 李丽[2] 芦强[2] 张芳蕾[4] 丁雪娇[1] 董彦宏[2] 罗凤基[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学公共卫生学院,山西太原030001 [2]北京市朝阳区疾病预防控制中心 [3]山西省运城市万荣县疾病预防控制中心 [4]河北医科大学

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2016年第5期371-373,共3页Chinese Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的了解山西省万荣县中小学生对狂犬病相关知识态度现状,为针对性开展农村地区中小学生狂犬病知识的健康教育提供科学依据。方法 2014年12月,采用分层随机抽样方法对万荣县14个乡镇210名中小学生进行面对面问卷调查。问卷内容包括被调查者基本信息、狂犬病相关知识和态度,应用SPSS17.0软件进行统计学分析。结果 85.22%(173名)的学生表示当被动物咬伤后会尽量在24h内注射狂犬病疫苗;46.31%(94名)学生在被动物咬伤后会尽快用肥皂水或清水清洗伤口;21.18%(43名)认为咬伤1d后注射狂犬病疫苗仍有效,但效果不明显。受教育程度不同的学生对狂犬病相关知识的回答差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。81.28%(165名)的学生会及时向医疗机构反映一犬咬伤多人的事件;45.32%(92名)的学生认为给动物注射疫苗能够有效预防狂犬病。结论山西农村地区狂犬病的防治工作虽取得了一定效果,但中小学生对狂犬病防治知识的掌握欠佳,存在发生狂犬病的隐患,因此今后当地医疗机构及中小学校应较为全面系统地开展狂犬病宣传教育。Objective To understand the knowledge,attitude and behavior about rabies of primary and middle school students in rural areas of Shanxi province,and to provide scientific basis for more effective health education. Methods A stratified random sampling method was adopted to select a total of 210 primary and middle school students and a face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted.SPSS17.0software was used for data statistical analysis. Results 85.22%（173）of the students knew that a person should be vaccinated within24 hours after being bitten by animals and almost half（46.31%）knew of cleaning the wound with soapy water or water as soon as possible after being bitten.21.18%（43）of students claimed that vaccination a day after a bite still could provide protective effect against rabies,but not very strong.There were significant differences of answers among students with different education level.81.28%（165）of the students would like to report the accident of dog bite to medical institutions as soon as possible and 45.32%（92）of the students believed that vaccination of animals could effectively prevent rabies. Conclusions The knowledge about rabies of primary and middle school students in rural areas of Shanxi province is not rich enough to protect them from rabies,and education about rabies should be enhanced in the primary and middle schools.

关 键 词：狂犬病 认知 调查 

分 类 号：R725.1[医药卫生—儿科]