阿尔金山国家级自然保护区纵纹腹小鸮食性的季节变化  

Seasonal Variation of the Diet of Athene noctua in Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve

作　　者：阿瓦古丽.玉苏甫 李叶[1,2] 张翔 时磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学动物科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]中国林业出版社生态保护出版中心,北京100009 [3]阿尔金山国家级自然保护区管理局,新疆库尔勒841000

出　　处：《四川动物》2016年第3期351-355,共5页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203041);阿尔金山国家级自然保护区综合科考项目

摘　　要：2012—2013年间,利用食团分析法对阿尔金山国家级自然保护区纵纹腹小鸮Athene noctua的食性进行分析。共分析343个纵纹腹小鸮食团,鉴定出353个猎物。以个体计,当地纵纹腹小鸮主要取食小型哺乳动物,占95.18%,其次为鸟类,占3.97%,也取食少量昆虫(0.85%)。生物量贡献则以小型哺乳动物为主,占99.35%。纵纹腹小鸮在夏季和冬季就可鉴定的取食动物种类比例组成而言,差异具有高度统计学意义(χ2=52.27,df=4,P<0.01)。冬、夏两季纵纹腹小鸮取食哺乳动物的平均胫骨长度差异具有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。全年来看,纵纹腹小鸮取食哺乳动物的胫骨长度平均为19.45 mm±5.84 mm(n=194),主要取食Ⅱ级(10.01 mm^20.00 mm)和Ⅲ级(20.01 mm^30.00 mm)的猎物(分别为46.39%和48.45%)。保护区纵纹腹小鸮的食物生态位宽度以夏季最高(2.583),冬季最低(0.949)。研究结果表明纵纹腹小鸮是机会主义捕食者,根据生境中食物的可获得性改变食性。The diet of the little owl（ Athene noctua） was investigated by checking pellets that collected from Altun Mountain National Nature Reserve,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China. A total of 353 prey items were identified from343 pellets from 2012 to 2013. Three small mammals and several species of bird and insect were identified. Small mammals were the most important food items by checking the frequency of each food composition in pellet samples. Small mammals were accounted for 95. 18% of the food composition and contributed 99. 35% of biomass in pellets. There was an extremely significant difference in the prey composition between summer and winter（ χ^2= 52. 27,df = 4,P〈0. 01）. There was a significant seasonal difference in small mammal＇s average tibial length（ P〈0. 01）. For the full year,the average tibia length of the small mammals consumed by A. noctua was 19. 45 mm ± 5. 84 mm（ n = 194）,including 46. 39% Class Ⅱ（ 10. 01 - 20. 00 mm） and 48. 45% Class Ⅲ（ 20. 01 - 30. 00 mm） prey. The highest trophic niche breadth of A. noctua in the reserve was 2. 583 in summer,and the lowest was 0. 949 in winter. These findings indicated that the difference of food items and prey frequency of prey species were related to the availability of prey resources in the habitat. Moreover,A. noctua was found to be an opportunism predator.

关 键 词：纵纹腹小鸮 食性 营养生态位 季节变化 食物大小 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]