西藏蟾蜍皮肤的组织学观察  

Histological Observation of Bufo tibetanus Skin

作　　者：高凤娟[1] 李丕鹏[1] 王译唱 陆宇燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学两栖爬行动物研究所,辽宁省生物进化与生物多样性重点实验室,沈阳110034

出　　处：《四川动物》2016年第3期444-451,共8页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.30870276)

摘　　要：为了解西藏蟾蜍Bufo tibetanus与其高海拔生活环境的适应性,采用常规石蜡切片和苏木精-伊红染色方法,对西藏蟾蜍雌雄性头部、躯干和四肢的背、腹侧皮肤显微结构进行了观察、测量和比较。结果显示皮肤的基本结构与已报道的无尾两栖类相似,由表皮和真皮组成。表皮较薄,由5-8层细胞构成,由外到内分为角质层、中间层和基底层。真皮较厚,分为疏松层和致密层。各部位大多表现为背侧皮肤厚度大于腹侧,相应部位大多为雌性大于雄性。皮肤厚度的变化在一定程度上与西藏蟾蜍运动方式和繁殖期间抱对行为相适应。皮肤腺体分粘液腺和颗粒腺2种。色素细胞主要分布在疏松层近表皮处,但在表皮和腺体周围也可见色素细胞的不连续分布。皮肤中毛细血管极其丰富,不仅在表皮下几乎成连续分布,而且在腺体周围也有密集分布。西藏蟾蜍皮肤结构明显表现出与生活环境中强紫外辐射和缺氧环境相适应的特点。In order to understand the skin adaptability of Tibetan toad（ Bufo tibetanus） that was responsible for its living environment at high elevation,the microstructural characteristics of its dorsal and ventral skins of head,trunk and limbs were studied from male and female specimens by normal histological method. The results showed that the basic structure of the skin was composed of epidermis and dermis,which was similar to other amphibians. The epidermis was thin and consisted of stratum corneum,middle layer and stratum basale with 5 to 8 layers of cells. The dermis was thick and consisted of stratum spongiosum and stratum compactum. The dorsal skin was thicker than the ventral one on the corresponding parts,and the female skin was thicker than the male. Changes in skin thickness were related to the movement pattern and the amplexus behavior to a certain extent. Skin glands could be divided into mucus glands and granular glands. The chromatophores were mainly distributed in the stratum spongiosum near the epidermis,as well as discontinuously distributed in the epidermis and the surrounding of glands. The capillary vessels were abundant in skin,which were not only continuously distributed in the epidermis but also densely distributed around the glands. In conclusion,the structures of the toad skin were closely adapted to the strong ultraviolet radiation and hypoxic environment.

关 键 词：西藏蟾蜍 皮肤 显微结构 

分 类 号：Q954.6[生物学—动物学]