陕西铜川再引入朱鹮的繁殖状况  

Reproduction of Reintroduced Nipponia nippon in Tongchuan,Shaanxi Province

作　　者：王华强 

机构地区：[1]陕西省铜川市耀州区林业局,陕西铜川727100

出　　处：《四川动物》2016年第3期471-474,共4页Sichuan Journal of Zoology

摘　　要：为了扩大朱鹮Nipponia nippon的种群数量和分布区,自2013年开始在秦岭以北的陕西省铜川市开展了朱鹮的再引入工作。通过彩色数字环观察、无线电遥测和卫星跟踪,对再引入的62只朱鹮在2014—2015年2个繁殖季节的活动状况和繁殖状况进行了监测。2年共记录到8个巢,窝卵数为2.5枚±0.9枚,繁殖成功率达80%,高于野生朱鹮。主要营巢树种为加拿大杨Populus canadensis(n=5)和刺槐Robinia pseudoacacia(n=2),分布在距主要觅食河流沮河300 m以内,巢址特征与野生朱鹮相似。2只卫星跟踪朱鹮的繁殖期活动区面积分别为262.4 km2和20.1 km2,远高于野生朱鹮。铜川单一的河流觅食环境是限制朱鹮种群繁育壮大的主要因素,采取适宜的湿地恢复和繁殖期投食措施可有效改善这一状况。To enlarge the population size and distribution area of crested ibis（ Nipponia nippon）,this species was reintroduced to Tongchuan,Shaanxi province,north of Qinling Moutains. The activity and breeding behaviors of the reintroduced N. nippon were monitored by combined using of color marking,radio tracking and satellite tracking in two breeding seasons of 2014- 2015. Finally,8 nests were recorded. The clutch size was 2. 5 ± 0. 9,and the reproductive success rate was80%,which was higher than that of wild population. The nest tree dominated by Populus canadensi（ n = 5） and Robinia pseudoacacia（ n = 2） were distributed within 300 m to the main foraging river. The nest characterizes were similar with those of wild individuals. The home ranges of two satellite tracking individuals in breeding season were 262. 4 km^2and20. 1 km2,respectively,which were much larger than those of wild individuals. The relative low-graded foraging habitat might restrict the reintroduced population persistence in Tongchuan,and feasible wetland restoration and food supplementation were suggested to improve the breeding condition of the reintroduced crested ibises.

关 键 词：朱鹮 再引入 繁殖 

分 类 号：Q959.7[生物学—动物学] Q958.1