不同营养水平代乳料对奶公犊生长性能及血液生化指标的影响  

Effects of different nutrient levels of milk replacer on growth performance and serum biochemical indicators in male Holstein calves

作　　者：王晓玲[1] 李秋凤[1] 杜柳柳[1] 曹玉凤[1] 高艳霞[1] 李晓蒙[1] 李建国[1] 周丽娟 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,河北保定071001 [2]河北省东光县农牧局,河北沧州061600

出　　处：《中国兽医学报》2016年第6期1036-1043,共8页Chinese Journal of Veterinary Science

基　　金：国家现代农业(肉牛)产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(CARS-38)

摘　　要：选用40头健康、体质量及出生日期相近的荷斯坦奶公犊,按体质量随机分为4组（每组10头）,进行为期120d的生长育肥试验。不同处理组代乳料的营养水平为：Ⅰ组（22.00%CP,16.00 MJ/kg DE）,Ⅱ组（20.00%CP,16.00 MJ/kg DE）,Ⅲ组（22.00%CP,15.00 MJ/kg DE）,Ⅳ组（20.00%CP,15.00 MJ/kg DE）。结果表明,Ⅰ组犊牛的日增重显著高于其他3组,比Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组和Ⅳ组分别提高了11.63%（P〈0.01）,6.67%（P〈0.01）和5.49%（P〈0.01）。代乳料的蛋白水平对犊牛试验末体质量和日增重影响显著,蛋白质水平为22.00%的代乳料组试验牛的试验末体质量和日增重比20.00%代乳料组分别提高了3.29%（P〈0.05）和5.62%（P〈0.01）。代乳料的消化能（DE）水平显著影响犊牛的干物质采食量（DMI）,随DE水平的提高而显著降低,与15 MJ/kg DE水平代乳料组相比,16 MJ/kg DE水平代乳料组犊牛的DMI降低了2.90%（P〈0.01）;代乳料的蛋白水平对奶公犊60d和120d粗蛋白质和粗脂肪的消化率影响显著（P〈0.05）,蛋白质水平为22.00%的代乳料组犊牛60d和120d粗蛋白质的消化率比20.00%代乳料组分别提高了3.49%（P〈0.05）和4.57%（P〈0.05）,粗脂肪的消化率分别提高了6.67%（P〈0.05）和3.80%（P〈0.05）;蛋白质水平为22.00%的代乳料组试验牛120d血清中BUN、TP和T3的含量比20.00%代乳料组分别提高了21.61%（P〈0.05）,4.36%（P〈0.05）和5.79%（P〈0.05）。综上所述,在本试验条件下,Ⅰ组犊牛的日增重、试验末体质量和营养物质消化率最高,建议0-4月龄奶公犊日粮适宜的DE为16.00 MJ/kg,CP为22.00%。Forty healthy newborn Holstein bull calves with the close body weight and birthday were selected,and randomly divided into four groups（10per group）,which were fed with milk replacer of different nutrient levels,namely group Ⅰ（22.00% CP,16.00 MJ/kg DE）,group Ⅱ（20.00%CP,16.00MJ/kg DE）,groupⅢ（22% CP,15.00 MJ/kg DE）,and group Ⅳ（20% CP,15.00 MJ/kg DE）.The experimental period lasted for 120 days.The results showed as follows：average daily gain of group Ⅰwas the highest.Compared with group Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ,group Ⅰ respectively increased by 11.63%（P〈0.01）,6.67%（P〈0.01）and 5.49%（P〈0.01）.The protein level of milk replacer had a significant effect on final weight and average daily gain（ADG）,final weight and ADG in the group with the milk replacer containing 22% protein were increased by 3.29%（P〈0.05）and 5.62%（P〈0.01）compared with the group of the milk replacer containing 20% protein.The digestible energy（DE）levels of milk replacer affected the DMI,that were reduced significantly with the increase of DE levels,DMI of calves fed with 16MJ/kg DE milk replacer was increased comparing to that of 15 MJ/kg DE milk replacer,the DMI was reduced by 2.90%（P〈0.01）;the digestibility of CP and EE of 60 dand 120dcalves were affected significantly by protein levels of milk replacer,compared with 20% protein,the digestibility of CP of 60 dand 120dcalves with22% protein were respectively increased by 3.49%（P〈0.05）and 4.57%（P〈0.05）,the digestibility of EE of 60 dand 120dcalves were respectively increased by 6.67%（P〈0.05）and 3.80%（P〈0.05）;the content of BUN,TP and T3 in serum of 120 dcalves were respectively increased by 21.61%（P〈0.05）,4.36%（P〈0.05）and 5.79%（P〈0.05）compared with the group of 22%protein.In summary,under the experimental conditions,ADG,final weight and nutrient digestibility of group Ⅰwere the highest,thus the suitable level of energy and crude protein were DE 16.00MJ/kg,CP 22%for 0-4months calves.

关 键 词：奶公犊 代乳料 能量 蛋白质 日增重 血液生化指标 

分 类 号：S816.4[农业科学—饲料科学]