安徽省宣城市麦茬水稻不同种植方式对比  

Test Report of Different Cropping Patterns of Stubble Rice in Xuancheng City

作　　者：胡锋 张春平 兰陆寿 

机构地区：[1]安徽省宣城市种植业局,安徽宣城242000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2016年第10期15-17,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-52)

摘　　要：[目的]对比宣城市麦茬水稻不同种植方式。[方法]2015年以武香糯2402为供试材料,在宣州区青草湖农场开展麦茬水稻不同种植方式大田对比试验,取样考察产量性状,机械收割测实产,统计机械、人工、种子、农药、肥料等生产成本,计算效益。[结果]实收产量以机插秧(9 980.5 kg/hm2)最高,人工撒播(9 352.5 kg/hm2)次之,机条播(9 310.5 kg/hm2)最低。效益以人工撒播(10 708.5元/hm2)最高,机条播(10 599.3元/hm2)次之,机插秧(10 466.3元/hm2)最低。[结论]机插秧有利于提高产量,可在完善社会化育秧、机插基础上用于规模生产,需优化育秧、成穗技术,提高机具功效;人工撒播效益最高,适宜普通农户生产,需注意品种选择、全苗、除草、防倒、构建丰产群体等环节,并加强关键技术指导;机条播效益较高,在提高机具水旱直播能力的基础上优化技术,可在适宜区域替代人工撒播。[Objective] To contrast different planting modes for stubble rice in Xuancheng City. [Method] With Wuxiangnuo 2402 as the test material,field comparative test on different planting modes of stubble rice was carried out in Qingcaohu Farm of Xuancheng Area in 2015. Yield traits were investigated by sampling. Actual output was detected by mechanical harvesting. Production cost of machinery,labor force,fertilizer,seed and pesticide were calculated; and the benefit was obtained. [Result] Machine-transplanted seedling had the maximum effective yield（ 9 980. 5 kg/hm2）,followed with artificial broadcast sowing（ 9 352. 5 kg/hm2）. And mechanical row-sowing was the minimum（ 9 310. 5 kg/hm2）. Artificial broadcast sowing had the maximum net income（ 10 708. 5 Yuan/hm2）,followed with mechanical row-sowing（ 10 599. 3Yuan / hm2）; and machine-transplanted seedling was the minimum（ 10 466. 3 Yuan/hm2）. [Conclusion]Machine-transplanted seedling is helpful to the yield increase,and can be applied in large-scale production based on mechanical transplanting and socialized raising of rice seedlings.Artificial broadcast sowing has the maximum efficiency,which is suitable for common peasant household. Mechanical row-sowing has relatively high efficiency,which can take the place of artificial broadcast sowing in suitable area based on enhancing the direct sowing technology of machines and tools in floods and droughts.

关 键 词：水稻 种植方式 秸秆还田 宣城市 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]