“产权公共域”与失地农民利益失衡的理论机理剖析:基于租金视角  

“Property right in public domain”and the theoretical analysis of the mechanism of the imbalance between the interests of farmers: a rent perspective

作　　者：宋文飞[1] 李国平[2] 韩先锋[3] 杨永莲[4] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学西北历史环境与经济社会发展研究院,陕西西安710062 [2]西安交通大学经济与金融学院,陕西西安710061 [3]西北大学经济管理学院,陕西西安710127 [4]西北大学早期生命研究所,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2016年第6期84-93,共10页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"完善生态补偿机制研究"(批准号:12&ZD072);国家自然科学基金项目"西部区域创新环境质量评价;监测与空间差异研究"(批准号:71273209)

摘　　要：随着经济社会的发展,农民失地问题日益突出。集中体现是农民土地权益损失背后的利益失衡问题。失地利益失衡问题折射了现行农地制度的缺陷─土地产权管制造成土地价格扭曲,进而带来社会福利损失。基于此,本文引入"产权公共域"思想,对失地农民利益失衡矛盾进行了理论机理剖析。在分析中指出,政府在产权分配中居于主导地位,但政府由于"私利"或认知的缺陷往往会使得法律产权偏离现实的经济产权结构。而现行农地产权制度有着较强的政府干预性,农民土地所有权、土地使用权在法律上受到一系列约束。典型的事实是农民建设用地增值收益权、土地生态产权的界定缺失。在土地产权管制下,农民不能根据土地用途进行机会成本定价,获得土地最优价格,产生土地"级差租金"利益的损失,这形成了租金供给不能满足租金需求的现实矛盾。着眼于此,基于租金供求视角对失地农民利益失衡的理论机理进行剖析。在模型分析中,结合中国现实失地的特点,将"租金"的意义一般化,除土地因素外,将人口因素也纳入租金供求均衡系统,在此基础上探讨了农地"产权公共域"下失地利益失衡的作用路径。通过理论演绎,本文指出租金供求失衡的三个主要原因:农民获得土地租金低,租金供给不能满足当代人及人口增长带来的基本需求、失地形成的劳动力"过剩"、租金供给不足对经济增长的约束的"反馈效应"。本文进一步提出失地补偿应以最优租金价格为准绳、多种渠道吸纳劳动力,促进劳动力有效配置和辩证看待政府在土地制度变迁中的作用的政策建议。The problem of landless peasants becomes increasingly prominent with the development of economy and society. The imbalance of interests is embodied behind the loss of the land rights of farmers. The imbalance of interests of landless reflects the defects of current rural land system-the regulation of land property had caused land price distortion, and then brought the loss of social welfare. Based on this, this paper introduces the ＇ property right public in domain＇ to analyze the mechanism of the interests of the landless. In the analysis, the government plays a dominant role in the allocation of property rights, but the legal property structure tends to deviate from economic property, because of the defects of government self-interest or cognitive. The current rural land property rights system has the characteristic of strong government intervention, and farmers＇ land ownership and land use rights are under a series of constraints in law. It is a fact that there is no definition of farmers＇ right of value-added construction land and ecological land. Under the regulation of land property rights, farmers can not price according to the use of land＇ s opportunity cost. The loss of profits of land differential rent has the contradiction that rental supply can not meet the rental demand. It further analyzes the mechanism of the interests of the landless based on rent perspective. The path of ‘landless benefit imbalance＇ is analyzed under the theory of ‘property rights in the public domain＇. By theoretical deduction, this paper points out that the rental supply and demand imbalance are caused by three main factors： First, low land rent supply can not meet the basic demand of contemporary people and population growth. Second, the formation of labor ＇ surplus＇ due to loss of land. Third, insufficient rent supply causes ‘feedback effect＇ of economic growth. This paper further proposes that the compensation to landless farmers should take optimal rental price as the standard, and promote the ef

关 键 词：土地用途管制 “产权公共域”、“级差租金” 土地权益 

分 类 号：F321.1[经济管理—产业经济]