实施玉米推茬清垄精播技术 实现高产高效与环境友好生产  

Using Integrated Technology of Stubble-Shoving,Ridge-Cleaning and Precise Sowing to Achieve the High Yield,High Efficiency and Environment-Friendly in Maize Production

作　　者：赵明[1] 马玮[1] 周宝元[1] 孙雪芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《作物杂志》2016年第3期1-5,F0004,共6页Crops

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2011BAD16B14;2013BAD08B01);北京市农业科技项目(20150147);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(NYCYTX-02)

摘　　要：实现玉米高产高效、环境友好是当前玉米生产技术发展的重要方向。针对玉米耕层障碍、秸秆处理难和群体质量差三大难题,中国农业科学院作物科学研究所研发出了玉米推茬清垄精播技术。该技术在前茬秸秆堆积地块,可对播种带的行内进行推茬清垄、播种带中间深松、深层施肥、小双行错位精量播种等多项作业过程,通过机械一次性完成,构建了玉米以推茬清垄精播为特点的机械化密植轻简栽培技术体系。在我国玉米主产区进行该技术示范推广,证明该技术可改善土壤耕层条件,提高玉米免耕直播的播种质量,并提高作业效率、减少能量消耗及预防秸秆焚烧,实现了玉米增产、降本、控焚烧的良好效果。Achieving high yield with high efficiency and environment-friendly is extremly important for maize production. There are three problems and challenges, barrier of tillage layer, problem of straw management, and bad of plant population. Experts from Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences developed key technologies about stubble-shoving, ridge-cleaning, subsoil fertilizer and precise sowing. Based on these technologies, we innovated integrated sowing technology in maize, which could satisfy simultaneously all the demands for summer maize sowing. Development of new production for maize new-type integrated sowing machine, which can shove stubble, clean ridge, fertilizer subsoil and sowing precisely, water and pesticide spray. With this machine and sowing technology, we established integrated, mechanical simple cultivation technology for high population maize. The technology have been popularized in main maize production area in China, which have good effect on increasing maize yield and profits significantly. In conclusion,applying for this new sowing technology can improve soil quality, sowing effect, enhance working performance, reduce cost, and prevent stubble burning. Our research will provide a better and new model for maize production.

关 键 词：玉米 推茬清垄 深松改土 深施肥 小双行错位播种 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]