免耕不同处理对土壤养分、土壤酶活性及燕麦产量的影响  

Effects of No-Tillage with Stubble Mulch on Soil Nutrients, Soil Enzyme Activities and Oat Yield

作　　者：王润莲[1] 张志栋[2,3] 刘景辉[2] 刘慧军 赵宝平[2] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学职业技术学院,内蒙古土默特右旗014109 [2]内蒙古农业大学,内蒙古呼和浩特010019 [3]内蒙古自治区发展研究中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010098 [4]内蒙古赤峰市翁牛特旗农牧业局,内蒙古翁牛特旗024500

出　　处：《作物杂志》2016年第3期134-138,共5页Crops

基　　金：内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2014BS0325);国家自然科学基金(30860135);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-08)

摘　　要：通过设置免耕高留茬高覆盖、免耕低留茬高覆盖、免耕高留茬低覆盖、免耕低留茬低覆盖和常规耕作5个处理,研究旱作免耕不同留茬覆盖处理对燕麦田土壤养分、土壤酶活性及燕麦产量的影响,以期为当地燕麦生产实施免耕技术提供理论依据。结果表明,免耕留茬覆盖各处理均能显著提高土壤耕层中有机质、全量养分及速效养分含量;随燕麦生育时期的推进,土壤酶活性呈先升后降的变化趋势,免耕留茬覆盖能显著提高土壤脲酶、碱性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,其活性大小均表现为:免耕留茬覆盖处理显著高于常规耕作,免耕高覆盖处理显著高于低覆盖,免耕高留茬高于低留茬;免耕留茬覆盖处理对提高燕麦产量作用显著,其中免耕高留茬高覆盖产量最高,为2 111.4kg/hm^2,较常规耕作增产18.6%,其产量表现为:高留茬高覆盖>低留茬高覆盖>高留茬低覆盖>低留茬低覆盖>常规耕作。In order to provide theoretical basis for the implementation of no-tillage technology in the local oat production, the effects of no-tillage with stubble mulch on soil nutrients, soil enzyme activities and oat yield were studied. There were five no-tillage treatments （high mulch with high stubble, high mulch with low stubble, low mulch with high stubble, low mulch with low stubble, and conventional tillage）. The results showed that no-tillage with stubble mulch could increase soil organic matter, total nutrients and available nutrients significantly. With the oat growing, soil enzyme activities firstly increased and then decreased. No-tillage with stubble mulch could significantly （P 〈 0.05） increased the activities of soil urease, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and invertase. All soil enzyme activities showed an order as high mulch with high stubble 〉 high mulch with low stubble 〉 low mulch with high stubble 〉 low mulch with low stubble 〉 conventional tillage. No-tillage with stubble mulch could improve oat yield significantly. The highest yield was 2 111.4kg/hm2 under the treatment of high mulch with high stubble, and increased by 18.6% compared with conventional tillage. The yield showed an order as high mulch with high stubble 〉 high mulch with low stubble 〉 low mulch with high stubble 〉 low mulch with low stubble 〉 conventional tillage.

关 键 词：燕麦 免耕 留茬覆盖 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 产量 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]