平欧杂种榛主栽品种需冷量、需热量研究  

Chilling and Heat Requirements of Main Cultivars of Ping'ou Hybrid Hazelnuts( Corylus heterophylla × Corylus avellana)

作　　者：马庆华[1] 罗青红[2] 艾吉尔·阿不拉[2] 曹运强[3] 崔立志[3] 霍宏亮[1] 王贵禧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,国家林业局林木培育重点实验室,林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,北京100091 [2]新疆林业科学院造林治沙研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830063 [3]河北省木兰围场国有林场管理局,河北承德068450

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2016年第3期354-361,共8页Forest Research

基　　金：河北省省级省校科技合作开发资金项目“榛子优良资源筛选、培育与利用”;国家级林业科学技术推广项目([2014]-3号)

摘　　要：[目的]揭示平欧杂种榛主栽品种的需冷量和需热量,更好地指导生产做好区域化栽培。[方法]本研究以16个平欧杂种榛主栽品种的1年生枝条为试材,以野生平榛1年生枝条为对照,通过水培观察的方法,首次对平欧杂种榛的雌、雄花序和叶芽进行需冷量和需热量研究。[结果]表明:平欧杂种榛不同器官的需冷量由低到高依次为雄花序336 1 176 h、雌花序504 1 344 h、叶芽672 1 512 h;需热量由低到高依次为雄花序687.0 998.5GDH℃、雌花序998.5 3 496.1 GDH℃、叶芽2 546.5 4 180.3 GDH℃;不同品种、器官在刚满足最低蓄冷要求时需热量最高,随着蓄冷时间的延长,需热量逐渐减少。[结论]首次报道了平欧杂种榛主栽品种雄、雌花序和叶芽的需冷量和需热量数据,其中,达维、平欧48号等品种花器官需冷量较低,辽榛2号、平欧545号等品种花器官需冷量较高;玉坠、平欧69号等品种花器官需热量较低,辽榛1号、辽榛4号等品种花器官需热量较高,上述研究丰富了榛属植物开花和休眠解除方面的数据,可为平欧杂种榛的引种和栽培提供参考。[Objective]To reveal the chilling and heat requirements of main cultivars of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnuts. [Method]The hydroponic experiments were carried out with excised annual shoots of 16 main cultivars of Ping’ou hy-brid hazelnuts （Corylus heterophylla ×C.avellana）as materials and excised annual shoots of the wild hazelnut （C. heterophylla Fisch.）as the control.The chilling and heat requirements were estimated by the observation of the phe-nological phase of the catkins,female inflorescences and leaf buds.[Result]There were great differences in the chill-ing requirements and the heat requirements among different organs of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnuts.The chilling require-ments ranged 336 1 176 h for catkins,504 1 344 h for female inflorescences and 672 1 5 12 h for leaf buds.The heat requirements ranged 687.0 998.5 GDH° for catkins,998.5 3 496.1 GDH° for female inflorescences and 2 546.5 4 180.3 GDH° for leaf buds.When the cultivars and organs reach the minimum chilling requirements,the heat requirements were at the highest value.With the extension of the cold accumulation,the heat requirements re-duced gradually.[Conclusion]This is the first report of research on the chilling and heat requirements for different or-gans of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnuts.As for chilling requirement,some cultivars such as Dawei and Ping’ou 48 showed lower-level chilling requirements,and some others such as Liaozhen No.2 and Ping’ou 545 showed higher-level chill-ing requirements.As for heat requirement,some cultivars such as Yuzhui and Ping’ou 69 showed lower-level heat re-quirements and some others such as Liaozhen No.1 and Liaozhen No.4 showed higher-level heat requirements.The data above enriched the information in the flowering and dormancy releasing of Corylus,which could provide reference for the breeding introduction and cultivation of Ping’ou hybrid hazelnuts.

关 键 词：平欧杂种榛 需冷量 需热量 雄花序 雌花序 叶芽 

分 类 号：S664.4[农业科学—果树学]