水盐梯度下荒漠植物多样性格局及其与土壤环境的关系  

Diversity patterns and response mechanisms of desert plants to the soil environment along soil water and salinity gradients

作　　者：张雪妮[1,2] 杨晓东[2,3] 吕光辉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学干旱生态环境研究所,乌鲁木齐830046 [2]绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830046 [3]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《生态学报》2016年第11期3206-3215,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31560131);国家自然科学重点基金项目(41130531);教育部创新团队项目(IRT1180)

摘　　要：植物多样性格局作为生物多样性维持的一个重要方面可揭示群落构建的信息,反映物种对环境的适应性。结合样带调查和实验分析的方法,研究新疆艾比湖湿地自然保护区内水盐梯度下荒漠植物多样性格局及其与土壤环境因子间关系。结果表明:(1)高、低水盐样地(SW1,SW2)土壤容积含水量(SVWC)和电导率(EC)分别为16.65%和12.02 m S/cm及2.63%和1.91m S/cm,水盐变化主要影响草本和部分灌木群落的植物组成;(2)高水盐生境下植物群落无明显趋势性分布,低水盐生境下植物种依水盐和营养元素呈区域性分布。(3)高水盐生境下荒漠植物的多度分布呈对数正态模型,低水盐条件下符合Zipf模型,多度分布的变化反映了群落组成结构的水盐梯度响应;(4)SW1样地多样性总体显著高于SW2样地,土壤p H、SVWC和硫(S)对植物多样性有不同程度的极显著影响。综上可知,荒漠植物分布及多样性格局与土壤环境间关系呈一定的水盐梯度响应规律,本研究可为该地区植被恢复和土壤盐渍化治理提供科学依据。Diversity patterns play an important role in identifying the mechanisms of biodiversity maintenance.The soil of the Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve located in the western margin of the Gurbantonggut Desert,in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China,is short in water and rich in salinity.These regional conditions result in plants that have developed high sensitivity and vulnerability characteristics.Thus,the exploration of desert plant diversity patterns and response mechanisms along various soil water and salinity gradients can integrate community-wide information to reveal the mechanisms of plant adaptations in an arid region and provide scientific strategies for reserve management and biodiversity conservation.However,plant diversity patterns and responses to varying gradients of soil water and salinity in the Ebinur Lake remain unclear.In the present study,three transects were first established that were perpendicular to the north bank of the Aqikesu River（one of three rivers in the Ebinur Lake Wetland Nature Reserve）.In each of the three transects,10—12plots（total of 32 plots） were set.The geographic data,abundance,richness,and soil volume water content（SVWC） were surveyed and recorded in each plot.The soil samples were then collected and taken to the Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology of Xinjiang University.All soil samples were air dried,and soil p H（p H）,electrical conductivity（EC）,soil organic carbon（C）,soil total nitrogen（N）,soil total phosphorus（P）,and soil total sulfur（S） of all samples were measured in the laboratory.Based on these values,abundance models,multiple comparisons,ordination analysis,and the regression method were used to explore plant abundance distributions,plant diversity patterns,and relationships with the soil environment across soil water and salinity gradients.The results showed that：（1） SVWC and EC in high（SW1） and low（SW2） soil water and salinity plots were 16.65% and 12.02 m S/cm;and 2.63% and 1.91 m S/cm,respectively.Spec

关 键 词：多度分布 多样性格局 水盐梯度 荒漠植物 土壤营养含量 

分 类 号：Q948.113[生物学—植物学]