欧亚温带草原东缘牧区雪灾灾情分析——以欧亚温带草原东缘生态样带典型地区为例  

Analysis of the Condition of Snow Disaster in the Eastern Margin of Pastoral Areas of Eurasian Temperate Grassland——A case study of typical areas in the eastern margin of Eurasian temperate grassland

作　　者：白海花[1] 侯向阳[1] 毕力格 包玉龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010010 [2]内蒙古气象科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010051 [3]内蒙古师范大学地理科学学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《中国草地学报》2016年第3期63-70,共8页Chinese Journal of Grassland

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项项目"欧亚温带草原东缘生态样带建立及合作研究"(2013DFR30760);内蒙古自然科学基金重大项目"过度放牧天然草原生态系统退化的过程与机理研究"(20015ZD02);国家重点基础研究发展计划("973"计划)"天然草原生产力的调控机制与途径"(2014CB138806)

摘　　要：利用2012年10-12月和2013年1-4月冬春季欧亚温带草原东缘生态样带典型地区的气象数据和社会调查数据,对研究区不同地区的最低气温、雪灾等级、雪灾承灾体和受灾情况进行了分析。结果表明：研究区2012-2013年冬春季气温自东南向西北呈波动性下降趋势,雪灾等级巴彦德勒格尔和巴彦属轻灾区,太仆寺、正蓝、苏赫巴托和巴特瑙劳布属中灾区,锡林浩特、阿巴嘎和西乌珠穆沁属重灾区;承灾体暴露性有明显的地域性差异,蒙古国地区要强于中国地区,其承灾体暴露性强,基础设施防灾抗灾性能低,受灾主要是牲畜死亡和掉羔,而中国地区主要是牲畜死亡、掉羔和草料费用增加,特别是草料费用增加导致的经济损失严重;蒙古国游牧地区气温低的地区灾情较重,中国定居地区灾损南部旗县重于北部旗县。By the methods of social investigation and statistics analysis,combined with social survey data and meteorological data of typical area in the eastern margin of Eurasian temperate steppe in winter and spring in 2012-2013,the condition of snow disaster in the eastern margin of pastoral areas of Eurasian temperate grassland were analyzed.The results showed that the temperatures in winter and spring in the study area from the southeast to the northwest in 2012-2013 showed a downward trend in volatility ;the snow disaster grade in Bayandelger and Bayan was light,the snow disaster grade in Taipusi,Zhenglan, Suhebater and Bartnawlaub was moderate,the snow disaster grade in Xilinhot,Abaga and Xiujimqin was heavy;Hazard area exposure had obvious regional difference,which in Mongolia was better than that in China,Mongolia bearing disaster exposure was strong,infrastructure for prevention of disaster was poor, mainly livestock deaths and losing lamb,and in China mainly livestock deaths,losing lamb and increase of forage costs,especially the increase of forage cost caused serious loss of economy;the disaster condition in the area of low temperature in nomadic area of Mongolia was serious,disaster loss in the southern counties in settled area in China was heavier than that in the northern counties.

关 键 词：欧亚温带草原 牧区 雪灾 死亡率 掉羔率 

分 类 号：F307.3[经济管理—产业经济]