试论作者资格从本体论到资格论的转变  

On Authorship from the Perspective of Ontology into Qualification

作　　者：王果[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学法学院

出　　处：《电子知识产权》2016年第5期64-71,共8页Electronics Intellectual Property

摘　　要：作者身份既是行为人原始取得著作权的前提,也是智力创造性活动这一事实行为的结果。因此界定作者资格必然是从著作权主体和客体的角度来进行。从主体角度,作者范畴表现为自然人和法人,与法律主体一致,但实际上单纯从权利主体角度界定作者资格并不能完整解释缘何法人在被确立为法律主体之后仍不被作者资格所认可。而从客体角度,作者资格作为独创性的内在要求,只可能是血肉之躯的自然人。但随着主观独创性标准不断瓦解、客观独创性标准又无力从结果的表现形式上识别创作者的情况下,作者资格作为独创性的内在要求已经难以维持。无论从主体还是客体角度对作者资格作本体论上界定的尝试,均难以完全解释作者范畴的二元结构,而只能寻求资格论的解读。作者资格并非仅停留于本体层面的"是什么",而是表现为作品与作者之间的特定联接,反映"应该是什么"的价值判断:即受社会环境、立法政策的影响,在不同时期有不同的表现形式,如创作事实、必要投入、作品署名等。The author identity is not only the premise of original copyright, but also is the result of intellectual creative activity. Therefore, the authorship should be defined from the perspective of subject and object of copyright. From the perspective of subject, the author category includes natural and legal person, which is in accordance with legal subjects. However, defining authorship purely from the perspective of subject cannot explain why legal person, has still not been recognized by authorship after being established as legal subject. And from the perspective of object, authorship, as the inherent requirement of originality, should only be a natural person of flesh and blood. But with the subjective criterion of originality has been disintegrated and objective originality standard fails to recognize the creator just from the performance of results, authorship as the inherent requirement of originality has been difficult to maintain. No matter from the subject nor object perspective, defining the ontological authorship is not able to fully explain the dual category, in this way we could only interpret authorship from the perspective of qualification. Authorship not only stays on the ontological level of＂what is＂, but also acts as a specific connection between work and its author, reflecting the value judgment of what ＂should be＂ ： namely influenced by social environment, legislative policy and other factors, it has different forms in different periods, such as the facts of creation, necessary inputs, signature and so on.

关 键 词：作者资格 独创性 法律作者 资格论 

分 类 号：D923.41[政治法律—民商法学]