考虑压降的开式布雷顿CHP装置性能优化  

Performance Optimization for Open Brayton CHP Plant Considering Pressure Drop

作　　者：杨博[1,2,3] 陈林根[1,2,3] 王文华[1,2,3] 孙丰瑞[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]海军工程大学热科学与动力工程研究室,武汉430033 [2]海军工程大学舰船动力工程军队重点实验室,武汉430033 [3]海军工程大学动力工程学院,武汉430033

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2016年第10期166-175,共10页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51576207);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划;2012CB720405)资助项目

摘　　要：考虑工质在流动过程中的压降不可逆性,建立开式简单布雷顿热电联产装置的有限时间热力学模型。以可用能率、火用输出率、利润率、第一定律效率和火用效率为目标研究装置的性能。通过Matlab数值计算,在无燃料消耗和装置尺寸约束下,优化了压气机进口相对压降,得到了最优可用能率、火用输出率和利润率,进一步优化压比,得到了最大火用输出率和利润率;在有约束条件下,优化压气机进口相对压降,得到了最优第一定律效率和火用效率,同时得到了各部件最佳的流通面积分配,进一步优化压比,得到了最大第一定律效率和火用效率。研究设计参数对装置最优性能的影响,发现分别存在最佳的供热温度使火用输出率、利润率和火用效率取得双重最大值。通过比较发现按最大火用输出率设计能使装置具有较大的可用能率和较低的压比,按最大利润率设计能使装置具有较大的第一定律效率和火用效率以及较低的燃料和空气消耗。Considering pressure drop irreversibility of working fluid in the flowing process, a finite time thermodynamic model of an open simple Brayton combined heat and power（CHP） plant is established. The performances of the plant are investigated by taking useful energy rate, exergy output rate, profit rate, first law efficiency and exergy efficiency as the objectives. Through Matlab numerical calculation, when there is no constraint for fuel consumption and total size of the plant, the relative pressure drop of compressor inlet is optimized, and the optimal useful energy rate, exergy output rate and profit rate are obtained, respectively. When the optimization is performed further with respect to pressure ratio, the maximum exergy output rate and profit rate are obtained. In the case of with the constraints, the relative pressure drop of compressor inlet is optimized, and the optimal first law efficiency and exergy efficiency are obtained, respectively, meanwhile the components＇ optimal flow area distributions are obtained. When the optimization is performed further with respect to pressure ratio, the maximum first law efficiency and exergy efficiency are obtained, respectively. The effects of design parameters on the optimal performances are investigated. It is found that there exists three optimal thermal consumer temperatures which lead to double maximum exergy output rate, profit rate and exergy efficiency, respectively. The performance comparisons show that the maximum exergy output rate design can make the plant has larger useful energy rate and lower pressure ratio, while the maximum profit rate design leads to larger first law efficiency and exergy efficiency, and lower fuel and air consumption.

关 键 词：开式简单布雷顿热电联产装置 有限时间热力学 可用能率 火用输出率 利润率 第一定律效率 火用效率 

分 类 号：TK12[动力工程及工程热物理—工程热物理]