汉语“话语修正”过程内部项目的构成  

The Construction of the Internal Item in the Process of Chinese “Conversational Repair”

作　　者：郑贵友[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学人文社会科学学部,北京100083

出　　处：《汉语学习》2016年第3期12-21,共10页Chinese Language Learning

基　　金：北京语言大学梧桐创新平台"中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金"项目(项目编号:16PT06)资助

摘　　要：本文从话语结构的角度对汉语"话语修正"过程中含有"否定语"、"修正语"、"批评语"、"建议语"四个项目的构成情况进行考察。"否定语"表达说话人对前话轮内容或观点的否定,一般由否定词独词小句或其他具有否定意义的小句构成。"修正语"是说话人对前话轮所含错误的修正,可分为"有标记修正语"和"无标记修正语"。"批评语"表达说话人对前话轮中的错误实施的批评,可分为"感叹式"、"疑问式"、"陈述式"三类。"建议语"是说话人在实施否定、修正或批评之后提出的建议,由祈使小句构成,含有"劝阻类"和"倡议类"两种功能类型。从四个项目的出现情况来看,"修正语"是必有项目,"否定语"、"批评语"、"建议语"是可有项目,内部存在不平衡性。Based on the background of Discourse structure, this text has studied the construction of four items in Chinese ＂Conversational Repair＂. They are ＂negative words＂, ＂modification words＂, ＂critical words＂ and ＂advisable words＂. The ＂negative words＂ deny the content or ideas in the previous turn. Usually it will be composed by the negative word itself that is the one-word sentence or some other sentences which has the negative meaning. The ＂modification words＂ means that the speaker modifies the errors in the previous turn. There are two kinds of the ＂modification words＂, that is ＂marked modification words＂ and ＂unmarked modification words＂. The ＂critical words＂ means that the speaker criticizes the errors in the previous. From the perspective of structure, there are four kinds, that is ＂imperative sentence＂, ＂exclamatory sentence＂, ＂interrogative sentence＂ and ＂declarative sentence＂. In the function aspect, there are three kinds, that is ＂discouragement＂, ＂denouncement＂ and ＂catharsis＂. The ＂advisable words＂ is the suggestions given by the speaker after they have denied, modified or criticized the ideas in the previous turn. It＇s usually constructed by the imperative sentence, and there are two kinds of functions, ＂discouragement＂ and ＂encouragement＂. The appearance of these four items is quite unbalanced. The ＂modification words＂ must appear in it, however, the appearance of the other three is very free.

关 键 词：“话语修正”过程 内部项目 构成 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]