花期低温对仁用杏花粉活力及坐果率的影响  

Effects of Low Temperature on Pollen Vitality and Fruit Setting Rate of Kernelapricot in Blooming Period

作　　者：蔡倩[1,2] 孙占祥[1] 郑家明[1] 白伟[1,2] 白一光[3] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所/辽宁省旱作节水工程中心,沈阳110161 [2]沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳110866 [3]辽宁省农业科学院花卉研究所,沈阳110161

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2016年第9期2272-2274,共3页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103001);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31170407);辽宁省科技攻关计划项目(2015103018);“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD09B02)

摘　　要：针对辽宁西部地区仁用杏生产中存在的产量不稳问题,以超仁杏为试材,选择白玉扁杏、龙王帽杏、西伯利亚杏和东北杏4个品种的花粉为超仁杏授粉,开展低温对仁用杏花粉活力及坐果率影响的研究。结果表明,在低温条件下,西伯利亚杏和东北杏花粉发芽率显著高于白玉扁杏和龙王帽杏;西伯利亚杏和东北杏花粉在超仁杏柱头萌发后,花粉管通过花柱延伸至子房的数量明显高于白玉扁杏和龙王帽杏。用西伯利亚杏给超仁杏授粉的坐果率大于用东北杏花粉授粉的坐果率,且二者明显高于其他两个授粉品种。但是西伯利亚杏与超仁杏存在花期不遇现象,因此,在花期低温条件下,东北杏抗旱性强、亲和力高,做超仁杏的授粉树较为理想。On a ccount of yields instabilit y problems of the kernel-apricot tree in the west of Liaoning province, taking Chaoren apricot as test materials,the pollens of Baiyubian apricot, Longwangmao apricot,Siberian apricot,Northeast apricot were chosen to pollinate for Chaoren apricot,so as to study the effects of low temperature on pollen vitality and fruit setting rate of kernel-apricot in blooming period. Results showed that, the pollen germination rate of Siberian apricot and Northeast apricot was significantly higher than that of Baiyubian apricot and Longwangmao apricot under low temperature; The pollen of Siberian apricot and Northeast apricot germinated in stigma of Chaoren apricot, the pollen tube number extending to the ovary was obviously higher than Baiyubian apricot and Longwangmao apricot; The fruit setting rate of Chaoren apricot pollinated by Siberian apricot was higher than that pollinated by Northeast apricot, and they were obviously high than the other two pollination varieties. But Siberian apricot blooming period didn ＇t meet with Chaoren apricot, so Northeast apricot have the characteristics of strong drought resistance,high affinity, and was suitable as the pollination tree of Chaoren apricot in blooming period of low temperature.

关 键 词：花期低温 仁用杏 花粉活力 坐果率 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]