间伐回缩修剪对荔枝叶片光合和蒸腾作用的影响  

Effects of tree thinning and heavy pruning on leaf photosynthesis and transpiration in litchi

作　　者：戴宏芬[1] 邱燕萍[1] 袁沛元[1] 凡超[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院果树研究所.农业部南亚热带果树生物学与遗传资源利用重点实验室,广州510640

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第6期701-708,共8页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家荔枝龙眼产业技术体系树冠管理岗位(nycytx-32-10);广东省现代农业产业技术体系荔枝栽培和耕种岗位(粤财教[2009]356号)

摘　　要：【目的】探索间伐回缩修剪对荔枝叶片光合和蒸腾作用的影响。【方法】以‘糯米糍’荔枝树为试验材料,设定对照和采后间伐回缩修剪处理,测定秋梢叶片的光曲线、光合日变化以及比叶重等与叶片生长质量有关的指标;并根据光合日变化的数据,对影响净光合速率和蒸腾速率的生理生态因子进行通径分析。【结果】处理组叶片的光合能力和蒸腾作用显著增强,可能与叶片周围的生态因子发生变化,尤其叶片的光照条件显著改善有关;比叶重显著增加,叶片质量提高;对照叶片利用弱光的能力更强,是对环境发生生理性适应的结果;影响叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率的主要限制因子因间伐回缩修剪而有所不同,但主导因子都是气孔导度。【结论】间伐回缩修剪有效地提高了荔枝叶片光合和蒸腾作用以及叶片质量,株行距4 m×6 m,是‘糯米滋’荔枝品种比较合理的种植密度。[Objective]This experiment examined the effects of tree thinning and heavy pruning（IFRP） on leaf photosynthesis（Pn） and transpiration（Tr） in litchi.Litchi grows well under plenty of sunlight.Dense planting of young litchi trees is commonly used in production area in order to make full use of land and obtained early yield.But as trees grow and canopy expands,shading becomes more and more serious.Poor light exposure inhibits tree growth,decreases yield and makes tree management more difficult.IFRP is an effective measure to solve shading problem.This study was carried out to explore the principle of applying IFRP by examining its effect on leaf photosynthesis and water relations,so as to promote the application of IFRP technique in litchi cultivation.[Methods]＇ Nomici＇ litchi trees of 18 years in an closed orchard were heavily pruned after tree thinning carried out after fruit were harvested in July.After the treatment,tree spacing was changed from 2 m×6 m to 4 m×6 m.The control trees were from an untreated part in the same orchard.Light responsive curve and diurnal variation of photosynthesis of leaves in autumn shoots were traced in early Nov.using a Li-6400 portable photosynthesis system.Exposed fully mature leaves were selected from four directions of the canopy for the measurement.Some leaf photosynthetic parameters,such as maximum assimilation rate（A（max））,apparent quantum yield（AQY）,light saturation point（L（sp））,light compensation point（L（cp）） and dark respiration rate（Rd） were derived from light responsive curve.Path analysis was used to determine the main physiological or ecological factors limiting Pn and Tr,which were all obtained from diurnal variation of photosynthesis.The physiological factors were Pn,water utility efficiency（W（ue））,stomatal conductance（Gs）,stomatal limitation（Ls）,Tr,apparent CO2 utility efficiency（C（ue））,apparent light utility efficiency（L（ue）） and intercellular CO2 Concentration（Ci）,etc.The ecologi

关 键 词：荔枝 间伐回缩修剪 光合 蒸腾 光照 气孔导度 

分 类 号：S667.1[农业科学—果树学]