低需冷量、早花观赏桃新品种‘迎春’的选育  

A new low chilling requirement ornamental flower peach cultivar ‘Yingchun'

作　　者：朱更瑞[1] 王力荣[1] 方伟超[1] 陈昌文[1] 曹珂[1] 王小丽[1] 王新卫[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所,郑州450009

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第6期770-772,共3页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-ASTIP-2015-ZFRI-(01))

摘　　要：‘迎春’是1987年3月在实生苗调查时发现的观赏桃品种。花为蔷薇型,花径4.7 cm,花色粉红;花瓣4～5轮,花瓣数16～24片;花丝粉白色,约66～81条;花药橘红色,花粉多;雌蕊1～2枚,比雄蕊高;花萼1层,共5片,红褐色,并存在少量萼片瓣化现象。树势开张,节间长度2.25 cm,叶片呈长椭圆披针形,果实圆形,果小,单果质量29 g,味酸,不宜食用。树冠外围中果枝居多,内堂细枝较多,单复花芽比为65.63%,中蕾至大蕾期为3月15日,始花期为3月18日,末花期为3月29日,需冷量为450 h。在漯河、鄢陵、西华和北京、成都、贵州等地种植,均表现出花期较早,花色艳丽等特点。＇Yingchun＇ is discovered in a high density planting of seeding.The cultivar was initially selected in 1987 for its bright colors and early bloom date.When we investigated seeding population in flowering phase,we discovered one that was bright in color and earlier in bloom time than others.After observed in Zhengzhou,Chengdu,Guizhou and Beijing area between 1988 and 1990,the seeding was stable in botanical trait and biological trait.It was finally named ＇Yingchun＇ in 1991.The cultivar is a tall tree,is vigorous with standard tree habit and can self-fruited.Internodes is 2.25 cm.Leaves is elliptic-lanceolate,aristate,cuneate,16.84 cm long,4.27 cm wide.Flower is showy,pink with green-yellow inter calyx tub and jacinth anther.Fruit is round with small fruit weight and inedible flesh which is green,thin,sour and cling.Percent of long fruit branch,middle fruit branch,short fruit branch and water branch with flower bud is 22.89%,52.05%,9.85%,5.58%,respectively.Simple bud/multiple bud is 65.63% and site of first node with flower is 1 or 2.Flower is pink,4.7 cm across,has 4 to 5 rows of petals which numbers are 16 to 24,has 66 to 88 filaments which color is pink white,has 1 to 2 pistils which is higher than stamen,has 5 pieces of calyx which color is red beige.Anther is jacinth,has large number of pollen.The leaf bud breaking date,full bloom date,ending bloom date is in 2 March,18 March and 29 March,respectively.The flower duration is about for 11 days,the chilling requirement is 450 hours and leaf is often earlier go out than flower.The fruit development period is 150 to 160 d and it matures at the end August in Zhengzhou area.Defoliation date is at the first of November and the growth period is 271 d.Even not treated by low temperature,Yingchun can also flowered in green house before spring festival.Branchs grow vigorous in flowerpot,so we should take some treatments such as twisting and pinching branchs,which can increase numbers of branchs at prior stage and weaken the grows of branchs at later stage.In order

关 键 词：观赏桃 新品种 '迎春’ 需冷量 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]