明科场由尊《大全》到不读《大全》考  

The Phenomenon of Advocating “the Complete Meaning” to Disregarding It in the Ming Imperial Examination

作　　者：侯美珍 

机构地区：[1]成功大学中国文学系

出　　处：《中国文化研究》2016年第2期28-36,共9页Chinese Culture Research

摘　　要：永乐十三年《四书大全》、《五经大全》修成后,文献或载科举考试经书主《大全》,但更常见独尊《大全》编纂时所重朱熹、蔡沈等宋、元传注之说,后又频有士子不读《大全》之论,颇有出入。经本文考察,《大全》浩瀚繁重,不但备考吃力、不适用,且士子未能尽睹,购置不易。颁布未久,约在正统后,科场已逐渐改尊《大全》所重的朱、蔡等五部经注。用《大全》小注者,或被视为异说,遭到黜落。《大全》在科场独尊的地位显然已不复存在,故旧云《大全》为明两百余年功令所尊之记载,并非准确的实情。In the 13 th reigning year of Yongle（ 1415）,The Complete Meaning of the Four Books and The Complete Meaning of the Five Classics were accomplished,turning into the standard for Literature and Classics to the imperial examination. However,it was said that while the books were compiling,the editors had a partiality for Zu Xi＇s and Tsai Chen＇s notes on Classics,but many examinees wouldn＇t study them,which is rather discrepant. This study has discovered that not only are the contents of two books wide-ranging and heavy,but also the examinees couldn＇t read them all and purchase them easily. During the ruling of Zhengtong,the two books taking on a great portion of Zu＇s and Tsai＇s notes were gradually adopted in the imperial examination. The examinees that used other scholars＇ notes were deemed a dissident and were flunked. The falling prestigious status of the Complete Meaning is obvious. Hence,the ancient record in the Ming Dynasty that the Complete Meaning had been advocated for about two hundred years is not correct.

关 键 词：《四书大全》 《五经大全》 明代科举 明代经学 八股文 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] D691.3[历史地理—中国史]