干扰控制的训练：内容、效果与机制  

Interference control training: Content, effect and mechanism

作　　者：赵鑫[1] 贾丽娜[1] 昝香怡[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学心理学院,行为康复训练研究中心,兰州730070 [2]兰州大学第二医院VIP内科,兰州730070

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2016年第6期900-908,共9页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(31300838);甘肃省自然科学基金(1506RJZA248);教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目(13YJC190032);认知神经科学与学习国家重点实验室开放课题(CNLYB1317)资助

摘　　要：研究发现,干扰控制能力具有一定的可塑性。研究者通常选取儿童、成年人、老年人和部分特殊群体为研究对象。研究以Stroop、Flanker等任务为训练任务,训练时间从5天至5周不等,任务量从76至2200试次不等。研究者一般通过行为、脑电和脑成像等技术对训练效果进行评估。训练的研究结果发现,训练后个体的干扰控制能力得到提升,且训练效果可以迁移到其他相关任务中去。干扰控制的训练效果可能受训练任务与评估任务的设置和个体差异等因素的影响。经过认知训练,对冲突信号起监控作用的前扣带回皮层激活程度降低,而执行冲突解决的前额皮层激活程度增强,加强了自上而下的认知控制能力,进而导致干扰控制能力的提升。干扰控制训练的保持效果、机制探讨等问题将成为该领域日后重点关注的内容。Recent studies suggest that interference control can be modified with training. Researchers often choose children, adults, the aged, and special groups as subjects. In the current study, interference control ability was trained by using Stroop and flanker tasks. The training comprised 76 to 2200 trials for five days to five weeks. Further, behavioral parameters and brain activity were measured using brain imaging techniques to evaluate the training effects. Our study found that interference control ability improved after training and the training effects were transferred to other related tasks. In addition, the training effects may be affected by multiple factors such as type of training and evaluation tasks, and individual differences. Furthermore, after cognitive training, there is a decrease in the anterior cingulate cortex activity, which is involved in conflict monitoring, and the activation of the prefrontal cortex that is associated with conflict resolution increases, thereby enhancing the degree of top-down control. Therefore, future research needs to further investigate the mechanism of interference control and to assess the retention periods of practice-related improvement.

关 键 词：干扰控制 可塑性 机制 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] B842[哲学宗教—心理学]