战后初期日本报界的战争责任观  

The View on War Responsibility in Japanese Journalism during the Early Postwar Period of World War Ⅱ

作　　者：孙继强[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学语言文化学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2016年第3期4-18,157,共15页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金资助项目"战时日本媒体法西斯化研究(1931-1945)"(项目批准号:15BSS018)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：自日本决定接受《波茨坦宣言》之时起,战争责任认知问题就成为战后初期日本社会各界所面临的重要课题。作为大众传播媒介,日本报界对战争责任的认知却呈现出或顾左右而言他,或避重就轻、扭曲异化的样态。日本报界先以"国体护持"为幌子,对战争责任采取淡化、漠视的态度,试图以此消除与日本战争责任相关的舆论。其后,随着战后民主化改革政策的实施,日本报界开始对战争责任进行反思,实施了一系列改革行动,对战时形成的具有鲜明特点的战时体制进行了改革和重构。但是,日本报界一直坚持"一亿总忏悔"的宣传基调,企图模糊战争责任主体,扭曲战争责任追究的内涵,并始终以"受害者"作为日本的身份定位。由此可见,战后初期日本报界对战争责任的认知,是日本战时体制思维的延续。Since Japan decided to accept the Potsdam Declaration,the view on war responsibility has become an important issue in the Japanese society. However,the stance of Japanese journalism on this issue was characterized by prevarication,equivocation and distortion. It firstly tried to circumvent the popular discussion of war responsibility with an excuse of 'protecting the imperial system'. Later,with the development of democratization,Japanese journalism started to reflect on the responsibility issue and implemented a series of reforms and reconstructions of the extant wartime system. However,it still clung to the notion of 'the total repentance of 100 million of populace ' and deemed Japan as a'victim ', obscuring the subject of responsibility and distracting the investigation into war responsibility. Hence,the view on war responsibility of post-war Japanese journalism could be considered as a continuation of Japanese wartime ideology.

关 键 词：第二次世界大战 战后初期 日本报界 战争责任 战后处理 

分 类 号：G219.313[文化科学—新闻学] K313.5[历史地理—历史学]