论意大利文艺复兴时期人文主义者的自由观——以德性政治为视角  

The View of Freedom of Italian Humanists in the Renaissance: From the Perspective of “Virtue Politics”

作　　者：郭琳[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学 [2]美国哈佛大学 [3]上海对外经贸大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2016年第3期87-98,159,共12页World History

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目"西方国别政治思想史"(批准文号:13&ZD149)子课题"意大利政治思想史"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：文艺复兴时期,意大利人文主义者的自由观被当代共和主义思想史家一并纳入共和主义政治文化传统的宏大体系中。然而,十四五世纪人文主义者对自由的理解没有局限在共和主义的框架内,"德性"这个充满伦理色彩的概念才是布鲁尼、帕特里齐、斯卡拉等人文主义者权衡自由的准绳,他们以"德性"为中心展开的政治思考可称为"德性政治"。在德性政治的统摄下,自由说到底是对德性的嘉奖,在政体争辩的背后,上层统治集团是否具备德性才是关键所在。德性政治一方面决定了自上而下等级秩序的合理性,另一方面决定了由内而外扩张征服的合法性。我们一则需要肯定人文主义者崇德、重德、立德之说不失为改善社会风气的一种策略;再则必须警惕在德性名义下的精英主义与帝国主义。Italian Humanists' view on Freedom in the Renaissance was taken as an integral part of the grand tradition of republicanism by modern thinkers who study on the history of Republicanism ideology. However,the understanding of freedom of Humanists in the 14th-15 thcenturies was not confined to the framework of republicanism. Instead,the ethical notion of 'virtue'was the Humanists' chief criterion for freedom. Centered on this notion,their political thinking could be named as 'virtue politics'. According to their interpretation,freedom was the reward for virtue; the virtue of the ruling class was key to the success of a regime. However,'virtue politics'also justified hierarchical system and military expansion. Hence,the humanists' emphasis on virtue as a social remedy was appreciable,while the latent elitism and imperialism was to be noticed with caution.

关 键 词：意大利 人文主义者 文艺复兴 共和主义 自由主义 德性政治 

分 类 号：K546.32[历史地理—历史学]