罗马共和国后期反选举舞弊斗争与共和国的衰亡  

Anti-ambitus in the Late Roman Republic and the Decline of Republic

作　　者：刘小青[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北大学历史文化学院

出　　处：《世界历史》2016年第3期140-153,160,共14页World History

摘　　要：选举舞弊是罗马共和国政治生活中的一种常见现象。然而,较诸罗马共和国早中期,共和国后期选举舞弊的形式不断翻陈出新,频率和规模也日趋增长,呈泛滥之势。罗马共和国当局采用法律为斗争武器,试图遏制选举舞弊行为,但成效相当有限。反选举舞弊斗争的失败对共和国后期政治的运作与行省的治理造成了前所未有的危害,它腐蚀了政治风气,破坏了罗马政坛长期以来形成的显性与隐性的规则,颠覆了共和制度中的权力制约与平衡的根本准则;还进一步恶化了行省的处境,从内政与行省两个层面加速了共和国的衰落。Ambitus was common in the political life of the Roman Republic. In the late republic,the method,occurrence and scale of ambitus developed extravagantly. The official attempt to use law by the Roman authority to fight against ambitus was far from success. The failure of anti-ambitus brought unprecedented damage to the political system and provincial administration of the late republic. Ambitus only corrupted the political climate,destroyed pre-existing overt and covert rules in Roman politics,and subverted the fundamental republican principle of check and control. It also brought further deterioration to the condition of provinces. From the aspects of both central government and provinces,it accelerated the decline of the republic.

关 键 词：罗马共和国 选举舞弊 反舞弊斗争 共和国衰亡 元老院 

分 类 号：K126[历史地理—历史学]