杂交中籼稻钵苗机插群体特征及产量形成优势分析  

Analysis on Population Characteristics and Yield Formation Advantages of Pot-seedling Mechanical Transplanting Middle-season Indica Hybrid Rice

作　　者：吴文革[1] 周永进[1] 张健美[2] 陈刚[1] 许有尊[1] 李胜群 左庆 叶为发 余友玲 杨成林 孙雪原 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省农业机械技术推广总站,安徽合肥230031 [3]凤台县水稻原种场,安徽凤台232100 [4]白湖监狱管理分局农业技术服务中心,安徽白湖231508

出　　处：《核农学报》2016年第7期1427-1434,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2013BAD07B08);公益性行业(农业)专项(201303102);国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01-53)

摘　　要：为明确杂交中籼稻钵苗机插的群体特征及产量形成特点,加快杂交中籼稻机插栽培技术的发展,以大穗型品种广两优1128、Y两优900和穗粒兼顾型品种徽两优6号、徽两优996为试材,设置钵苗机插与毯苗机插2种栽插方式进行大田比较试验。结果表明,与毯苗机插相比,杂交中籼稻钵苗机插方式秧苗茎基宽、百株干重、发根力显著增加,秧苗素质提高;分蘖早生快发、群体茎蘖消长平稳,成穗率提高5.11%;中后期LAI与光能利用率高,干物质积累能力强,其中抽穗至成熟期干物质积累量提高7.17%。钵苗机插产量显著或极显著高于毯苗机插,其中大穗型品种增产9.52%-10.78%,穗粒兼顾型品种增产5.03%-5.86%,群体颖花量的增加是增产的主要原因。因此,杂交中籼稻钵苗机插群体质量优良,产量形成优势显著,穗大粒多,而大穗型品种更适宜于钵苗机插,增产优势更明显。研究结果为机插水稻高产优质栽培技术的推广奠定了基础。In order to accelerate the development of mechanical transplanting cultivation techniques of mid-season hybrid indica rice,field experiments were conducted to investigate the population characteristics and yield formation advantages of pot-seedling mechanical transplanting rice（ PS） by setting carpet seedling of mechanical transplanting rice（ CS） as CK. Two large-panicle varieties Guangliangyou 1128,Y liangyou 900 and two panicle-grains varieties Huiliangyou 6 and Huiliangyou 996 were selected in the present study. The results showed that,the basal width,dry matter weight per 100 plants and root vigor of seedling in PS was significantly higher than that in CS at the transplanting stage. Thus,the seedling quality was significantly increased. Compared with CS,the tiller grew and developed early,and it increased and reduced slowly in PS. The ratio of productive tillers to total tillers was 5. 11% higher than that of CS. Leaf area index and solar light utilization efficiency of PS were significantly higher than that of CS at middle and later stage. In addition,the population of PS had a very higher dry matter accumulation ability,and the weight of dry matter was7. 17% higher than that of CS from heading stage to maturity stage. Finally,the yield of PS was significantly higher than that of CS. The range of increased yield was 9. 52% to 10. 71% in large panicle type varieties,and 6. 85%- 7. 89% in panicle-type varieties. The population total spikelets increased significantly,which was the main reason for higher yield.Consequently,the PS had great population quality and obvious advantage in yield formation. The main advantage of yield formation was that it had large panicles with more grains. The large panicle variety was more suitable to be transplanted by pot-seedling mechanical transplanted method than panicle-grains variety,because yield advantages of former was higher than that of the latter. The results provide high yield and quality promotion foundation for mechanical transplanting rice cultivation techni

关 键 词：杂交中籼稻 钵苗机插 群体特征 产量形成 

分 类 号：S511.21[农业科学—作物学]