奶牛瘤胃液和瘤胃残渣来源固氮菌的比较研究  

Isolation, identification and comparison of nitrogen-fixing bacteria from cow rumen fluid and rumen residues

作　　者：张广亮[1] 刘大森[1,2] 吕宗浩[1] 黄国欣[1] 杜江华[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学动物科技学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030 [2]东北农业大学理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《饲料工业》2016年第11期51-55,共5页Feed Industry

摘　　要：试验拟对奶牛瘤胃液和残渣中兼性厌氧固氮菌的一些性质进行比较研究。首先采集3头荷斯坦奶牛的瘤胃液和残渣,分离兼性厌氧固氮菌;然后对其进行固氮酶活性测定、生理生化鉴定和16S r DNA测序。结果表明,从瘤胃液和残渣中分别分离到6株(LY-1、LY-2、LY-3、LY-4、LY-5和LY-6)和4株(LC-1、LC-2、LC-3和LC-4)兼性厌氧固氮菌;从两种来源均分离到了同一种属的索诺拉沙漠芽孢杆菌(LY-3和LC-2、LC-4)。比较发现,从同一来源中分离到的同一种属的菌株(LY-5和LY-6;LC-2和LC-4)的固氮酶活性基本相同,而从不同来源中分离到的同一种属的菌株(LY-3和LC-2,LC-4)的固氮酶活性则有所不同,瘤胃残渣中菌株的酶活性高于瘤胃液中的。据此推测,兼性厌氧固氮菌可能更适合生存在饲料残渣上。The objective of this study was to study characters of facuhative anaerobe nitrogen-fixing bac-teria （NFB） from rumen fluid and rumen resi- dues. stein nase based Firstly, NFB were isolated from three Hol- cows, and subsequently assayed Nitrogeactivity. The isolated NFB were identified on physiological-biochemical identifica-tion and 16S rDNA gene analysis. The results showed that 6 facultative anaerobe NFB were isolated from rumen fluid （LY-1, LY-2, LY-3, LY-4, LY-5 and LY-6） and 4 facuhative anaerobe NFB were isolated from rumen residues （LC-1, LC-2, LC-3 and LC-4）, respectively. A strain of NFB （Bacillus sonorensis） was isolated from two sources. By comparison and analysis, nitrogenase activity of the same species of strains was basically the similar from a source and different from two sources. For isolated Bacillus sonorensis, nitrogenase activity from rumen residues was higher than from rumen fluid. So, the isolated facultative anaerobe NFB were possibly more suitable for survival in rumen residue.

关 键 词：固氮菌 兼性厌氧菌 瘤胃 固氮酶活性 16S RDNA 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]