热等离子体超高温化学转化的过程研发和应用进展  

State-of-the-art development of research and applications of chemical conversion processes at ultra-high temperature in thermal plasma reactors

作　　者：程炎[1] 李天阳[1] 金涌[1] 程易[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学化学工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《化工进展》2016年第6期1676-1686,共11页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(2012CB720301);国家科技支撑计划(2013BAF08B04)项目

摘　　要：概述了热等离子体超高温化学转化的原理、研发和应用进展。热等离子体可提供超高温反应条件,以及具有可调控的氧化、还原或惰性的气体氛围的优点,因而是一种独特的化工外场强化手段,可为劣质化石化原料以及一些工业中间产物及废弃物的清洁、高效转化提供新的技术方式,也成为现代反应工程的重要前沿领域之一。同时,热等离子体化学转化过程反应条件苛刻,是传递和反应强耦合的复杂过程,如何将热等离子独特的反应性质与物质转化需求合理结合,实现过程的清洁、高效、可控,并保证过程的经济性,是科研探索和工业实践中必须面对的问题。本文以典型热等离子体化学转化过程展开讨论,包括等离子体法乙炔、固废物处理、纳米材料制备等,展望了热等离子体技术在能源、化工、环境、材料等领域独特的发展前景。This paper tends to give an overview on the principle,the state-of-the-art development of research and applications of chemical conversion processes at ultra-high temperature in the thermal plasma reactors. As an extreme means for process intensification,thermal plasma can provide ultra-high temperature reaction conditions,adjustable oxidative,reductive or inert gas atmosphere,which allows it as a feasible technique to implement clean and highly efficient conversion of low-quality feedstock and hard-to-treat intermediates and wastes. Thermal plasma technique is therefore one of the frontier areas of modern reaction engineering. Meanwhile,the thermal plasma reactions are strongly coupling with the extreme mass/heat transfer processes,which lead to a more complex reaction conditions. Therefore,it is essential to combine the unique characteristics and conversion principles properly to enable a clean,flexible and profitable process. This paper reviews typical thermal plasma processes,involving plasma pyrolysis to produce acetylene,solid waste treatment and nanomaterials synthesis. The potential perspectives of such unique techniques in the applications for the fields of energy,chemicals,environment and materials are discussed.

关 键 词：热等离子体 超高温 乙炔 固废物处理 纳米材料 

分 类 号：TE08[石油与天然气工程] TV131[水利工程—水力学及河流动力学]