新常态下的供给侧结构性改革  

Supply Side Structural Reform under the New Normal

作　　者：赵鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究院,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2016年第7期49-56,共8页China Business and Market

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"空间趋同视角下中国新型城镇化效率优化研究"(15XJC790015);吉林省教育厅"十三五"规划社会科学(软科学)研究"吉林省对外贸易发展动力与机制研究"(2016.0418034FG);吉林省教育厅"十二五"社会科学研究项目(吉教科文合字[2015]第557号)

摘　　要：当前我国经济发展增速放缓,结构不合理。一方面表现为部分产品产能严重过剩;另一方面表现为消费者有效需求不能满足,出现供求不相匹配、供大于求的不平衡现状。资本边际报酬递减,边际消费倾向递减,流动性偏好,制造业投资过大、产能过剩,劳动力供给不足、生产成本上升,体制机制僵化、产业政策决策失误,是造成我国当前产能过剩的主要原因。供给侧结构性改革应从企业和政府两个市场主体着手,具体来说,就是把"供给侧+结构性+改革"分解为"企业+供给侧+存量"改革和"企业+供给侧+增量"改革,以及"政府-机制"改革和"市场+配置"改革两部分。企业在大力进行技术创新的同时,要化解和预防产能过剩,对低于行业平均发展水平的要破产清算,对有发展前景的力求扩大销售市场,对能转化为有效供给的要兼并、重组加政府扶持;政府则要做到简政放权,改变国有企业的垄断地位,发展第三产业,缩小贫富差距,完善医疗、养老等社会保障制度。The current China＇s economic development growth is slowing with the unreasonable structure. On the one hand,it is demonstrated as the overcapacity of some products;on the other hand,it is demonstrated as the not satisfied consumers’effective demand and the surplus in the imbalanced supply and demand. The diminishing marginal returns of capital,diminishingmarginal propensity to consume,liquidity preference,excessive investment and overcapacity in manufacturing industry,theshortage of labor,the rising production costs,institutional rigidity,and mistakes in industrial policy decision- making are themain causes for the overcapacity. So,changes in the supply side should be started from such two market main players asenterprises and government. Specially speaking,“supply side ＋ structural ＋ reform”should be broken down into reform in“enterprises ＋ supply side ＋ existing”and“enterprises ＋ supply side ＋ additional”,and reform in“government ＋ mechanism”and“ market ＋ distribution”. In carrying out technological reform,the enterprises should cut and prevent overcapacity,eliminatethose industries with development below the average level through clearance,expand market for those industries with gloriousfuture,and carry out M＆A and provide more support for those industries that can be transferred to effective supply;thegovernment should streamline administration and delegate more powers to lower- level governments and to society in general,change the state-owned enterprises’monopoly position,develop the tertiary industry,narrow the income gap,and perfect suchsocial security systems as medical and elderly care.

关 键 词：供给侧 需求侧 供给学派 边际消费倾向 

分 类 号：F202[经济管理—国民经济]