栽培模式对南方丘陵红壤旱地春玉米生理生化特性及产量的影响  

Effects of cultivation models on physiological and biochemical characteristics and yield of spring maize in hilly red soil upland of southern China

作　　者：李超[1] 唐海明[1] 汪柯[1] 程凯凯[1] 肖小平[1] 汤文光[1] 杨光立[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2016年第4期13-17,共5页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD20B05)

摘　　要：【目的】为我国南方丘陵红壤旱地春玉米Zea mays L.的高产栽培提供科学依据。【方法】将覆膜栽培、有机肥及增施钾肥进行耦合,以常规施肥+裸地为对照(CK),研究不同栽培模式对南方丘陵红壤旱地春玉米的生理生化特性及产量的影响。【结果】常规施肥+有机肥+钾肥+地膜覆盖(TOK)的产量最高,比CK提高了3.4%;TOK的百粒质量分别比常规施肥+有机肥+地膜覆盖(TO)、常规施肥+K肥+裸地(TK)、CK提高了14.9%、15.1%、20.4%;各项抗旱指标值均表现为CK>TK>TO>TOK;各生育时期的净光合速率(Pn)均表现为TOK>TO>TK>CK,成熟期各处理之间Pn的变化幅度最大,达到了43.62%。【结论】TOK能有效地增加春玉米的Pn,增强抗旱性,有利于实现高产,是我国南方丘陵地区红壤旱地春玉米高产的最佳栽培方式之一。【Objective】To provide a scientific basis for high-yield cultivation of spring maize,Zea mays L.,in southern hilly red soil.【Method】Film mulching cultivation was coupled with organic fertilizer and increasing K fertilizer,using conventional fertilization and open cultivation as the control. Yield,physiological and biochemical characteristics of spring maize were researched in different cultivation models.【Result】Conventional fertilization + organic fertilizer + K fertilizer + film mulching cultivation( TOK)resulted in the highest yield,increasing 3. 4% compared with conventional fertilization + bare land( CK). One hundred-seed weight of TOK increased 14. 9%,15. 1% and 20. 4% respectively,compared with conventional fertilization + organic fertilizer + film mulching cultivation( TO),conventional fertilization + K fertilizer + bare land( TK) and CK. Each drought index showed TOK > TO > TK > CK. The net photosynthetic rate( Pn) in each growth stage showed TOK > TO > TK > CK. There was a maxmum change range of Pn among all treatments in maturity,which was 43. 62%.【Conclusion】TOK is one of the better cultivation models for spring maize in hilly red soil upland of southern China,which can achieve high yield by increasing Pn and drought resistance.

关 键 词：春玉米 红壤 栽培模式 生理生化特性 抗旱性 产量 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]