不同生长年限的植物篱对坡耕地紫色土土壤侵蚀和土壤有机质的影响  

Effects of Vetiveria zizanioides and Leucaena leucocephala hedgerows in different life-phases on soil erosion and organic matter of purple soil

作　　者：何丙辉[1] 陈晶晶[1] 向明辉 谌芸[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400715 [2]遂宁水土保持试验站,四川遂宁629006

出　　处：《三峡生态环境监测》2016年第1期36-45,共10页Ecology and Environmental Monitoring of Three Gorges

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41271291);国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD31B03)

摘　　要：为了解不同生长年限植物篱的资源利用对坡耕地土壤侵蚀及土壤肥力的影响,为制定坡耕地植物篱土地管理措施提供基础依据,为植物篱种植模式可持续性提供量化指标,本实验跟踪研究植物篱生长过程。对2年生植物篱生长状况对坡耕地水土流失治理效益和土壤有机质变化的影响进行分析,比较1、2年生香根草和新银合欢植物篱不同坡度(10°和15°)下的效益。结果表明:(1)从定植后的第二年起,植物篱开始发挥对径流、泥沙的机械拦截作用。植物篱对径流阻滞效果大体表现为10°坡耕地香根草植物篱>10°坡耕地新银合欢植物篱>15°坡耕地香根草植物篱>10°坡耕地对照>15°坡耕地对照。2年生新银合欢植物篱未形成闭合带,只能减少地表径流,对径流中泥沙的拦截作用不明显。此外,植物篱措施在高强度降雨下对径流泥沙的控制作用最为显著。总体上植物篱对坡面产流量的控制效应大于对坡面产沙量的控制效应。(2)植物篱栽植初期应考虑其生长期的资源利用策略,结合坡度、坡位和植物篱物种等因素,分量加大坡耕地施肥量。通过施肥促进植物篱生长、密闭,进一步提高对径流泥沙的拦截效率。(3)植物篱对径流泥沙的拦截和有机质的固持作用实质上是对坡耕地水分、土壤结构和养分的再分配。In order to realize effects of hedgerows in their different life stages on soil erosion and organic matter,and to provide theoretical basis and qualified indices of soil management measures for planting hedgerows,this experiment was designed to track the growth process of hedgerows.The hedgerows of Vetiveria zizanioides and Leucaena leucocephala had been measured for 2 years to analyze their effects on soil erosion and organic matter,and to compare the differences of hedgerows growing for 1a and 2a on different slopes of 10° and 15°,respectively.The results show that:(1).Hedgerows begin to mechanically intercept runoff and sediments at the second planting year.For 5 standard plots(Vetiveria zizanioides on 10° and 15° slop land,Leucaena leucocephala on 10° slop land,and the two control plots on for10°and 15°,respectively),the control effect of the Vetiveria zizanioides plot on 10° slop land on runoff and soil loss is significantly better than those of other plots.Leucaena leucocephala hedgerows on 10° slop land reduce slope runoff,but cannot intercept sediments.In additional,the control effect under high intensity rainfall is most remarkable.The hedgerows influence runoff of slop land more easily than soil loss.(2)In the initial stage of hedgerows planting,the strategy of utilizing hedgerows resources should be considered to increase the organic fertility reasonably according to the conditions of slope gradient,slope position and the hedgerows' species,and to further increase the efficiency of interception for runoff and sediments.(3) The essence of hedgerows interception to runoff,sediments and organic matter is to redistribute soil water,soil nutrient and structure.

关 键 词：紫色土 植物篱 香根草 新银合欢 水土流失 有机质 

分 类 号：X522.71[环境科学与工程—环境工程]