牦牛与迁饲黄牛及低海拔黄牛肺动脉干及肺组织形态的比较  

Morphology and structure comparison on pulmonary trunk and lung tissue among yak,migrated cattle and lowland cattle

作　　者：刘凤云 马岚 胡琳 李愈娴 刘世明 祁生贵 吴天一 

机构地区：[1]青海省高原医学科学研究院 [2]兰州大学医学院病理学研究所

出　　处：《解剖学杂志》2016年第3期272-276,299,共6页Chinese Journal of Anatomy

基　　金：科技部973前期项目(2012CB722506);科技部973项目(2012CB518202)

摘　　要：目的：对牦牛和迁饲黄牛及低海拔黄牛肺动脉干与肺组织形态进行比较研究,获得高原土生或迁饲动物慢性低氧时适应进化的模式.方法：采集青海地区海拔3 000～4 000 m的牦牛、2 500m的高山迁饲黄牛及甘肃平凉1 300m的低海拔黄牛的肺动脉干及肺组织,固定、切片、染色后行光镜和电镜比较观察.结果：55％的迁饲黄牛和98％牦牛肺动脉干中膜以弹性纤维及胶原纤维为主,而45％的迁饲黄牛和100％低海拔黄牛以弹性纤维及平滑肌增多为主,且平滑肌增多成团分布.牦牛和迁饲黄牛肺浆膜结构致密,间皮下以弹性纤维为主,而低海拔黄牛肺浆膜结构疏松,间皮下以胶原纤维为主.相比于迁饲黄牛,牦牛和低海拔黄牛肺终末细支气管黏膜纵行皱襞更明显,牦牛肺呼吸性细支气管黏膜上皮为单层或假复层柱状上皮,多数细胞可见到纤毛,并且黏膜仍有皱襞形成;而黄牛主要为单层柱状上皮,部分细胞可见纤毛.迁饲黄牛肺内小动脉血管壁和微动脉管壁厚度增加,与牦牛及低海拔黄牛比较差异有统计学意义.结论：牦牛肺动脉干和肺组织形态与结构有适应高原的独特形式,迁饲黄牛在适应高原时发生了与牦牛一样的趋同性改变,同时又兼具低海拔黄牛的特点.Objective： To acquire the mode of how to adapt to high altitude with chronic hypoxic complications of yak, migrated cattle and lowland cattle by comparing the morphologial and histological characteristics of pulmorayy trunks and lung tissues among the above three types of cattle. Methods： The samples of pulmonary trunks and lung tissues were taken and living permanently at 3 000 - 4 000 m,and cattle migrating from lowlands to high altitud2 500 m both in Qinghai-Tibet plateau, lowland cattle living at 1 300 m in Gansu plain as a control group. The tissue samples were fixed,sectioned, stained,and observed under optical and electron microscope. Results： （1 ） The elastic tissue of the media of the pulmonary trunk was mainly formed by elastic fibrils and collagens in 98% yaks whereas there was a distinct muscular and elastic media of pulmonary trunk in 100% of lowland cattle and in 45% of thealtitude migrated cattle; （2） The structure of pulmonary tunica serosa of both the yaks and the migrated cattle showed compactness,and with a distinct elastic fibrils under mesotheleum, in contrast to lowland cattle, which showed a loose pulmonary tunica serosa with a distinct collagen under mesotheleum; （ 3 ） As compared with the lowland cattle, the longitudinal folds of the terminal bronchioli mucosa showed more pronounced in yaks and lowland cattle; （ 4 ） The lining epithelium of respiratory bronchioles showed mainly single layer or a pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium with cilia wasobserved on most of the cells,and there was still the formation of mucosal folds in most yaks,whereas single layer columnar epithelium with cilia observed on some of the cells in lowland cattle; （5 ） The pulmonary small arteries were thin-walled and the pulmonary arterioles were devoid of a muscular coat in yak and lowland cattle,whereas a thickened pulmonary small arteries and a distinct muscularization of the pulmonary arterioles in migrated cattle. Conclusion ： Themorphology and s

关 键 词：青藏高原 牦牛 迁饲黄牛 低海拔黄牛 肺动脉干 肺组织 肺小动脉 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]