河北省农田土壤重金属健康风险评价  

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in farmland soil in Hebei Province

作　　者：安玉琴[1] 张瑞琦[1] 袁树华[1] 金红[1] 王刚[1] 裴秀坤[1] 刘毅刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省疾病预防控制中心,河北石家庄050021

出　　处：《职业与健康》2016年第9期1252-1255,共4页Occupation and Health

基　　金：河北省医学研究重点课题计划指令性课题(20150104)

摘　　要：目的了解河北省农田土壤重金属含量及污染现状,评价重金属对人体产生的健康风险。方法应用分层随机抽样法,全省范围抽取2 700个行政村,每个村随机选择农田土壤采集1份样品,共2 700份;按照国家标准方法检测样品中铅、镉、铬含量;运用健康风险评价模型评价重金属产生的健康风险。结果 2700份样品中重金属含量由高到低为铬(35.01mg/kg)、铅(15.8 mg/kg)、镉(0.1 mg/kg);铅、铬浓度范围分别为0.1~170.6和2.24~140 mg/kg,含量均未超标;镉浓度范围为0.01~10.71 mg/kg,13.74%的样品镉含量超出国家二级标准;镉富集系数最大,为1.33;E市铅、镉和L市铬含量最高,分别为28.8、0.34、76.14 mg/kg;重金属对成人、儿童产生的年均超额危险度由高到低均依次为铬(1.42×10^(-8)、1.42×10^(-8))、镉(0.83×10^(-8)、1.40×10^(-8))、铅(0.92×10^(-10)、8.06×10^(-10)),对儿童产生的年均超额危险度之和(2.91×10^(-8))高于成人(2.83×10^(-8));铅、镉对成人、儿童产生的年均超额危险度地区分布一致,不同市土壤中铬对成人、儿童产生的年均超额危险度一致,均为1.42×10^(-8),均低于可接受水平(10^(-6))。结论河北省农田土壤铅、铬含量和86.26%样品中镉含量符合国家二级标准,E、F、H、K和L市农田土壤面临铅、铬污染,已受到镉污染;重金属对儿童产生的健康风险比成人大;铬是该省土壤产生健康危害的主要污染物,应为优先控制的污染物。[Objectives]To understand the heavy metals contents and pollution status of farmland soil in Hebei Province,assess the health risk of heavy metals. [Methods]2 700 administrative villages were selected by stratified random sampling in Hebei province,one farmland sample was collected randomly in every village,and totally 2 700 farmland samples were collected. According to the national standard methods,the contents of lead,cadmium and chromium were determined. The health risk of the heavy metals was estimated by using the health risk assessment model.[Results]The contents of soil heavy metal in 2 700 samples from high to low were as follows： chromium was 35.01 mg/kg,lead was 15.8 mg/kg and cadmium was 0.1 mg/kg. The concentration ranges of lead and chromium were 0.1-170.6 mg/kg and 2.24-140 mg/kg respectively,which both met the national soil standard. The concentration of cadmium ranged from 0.01 mg/kg to 10.71 mg/kg,and 13.74% of soil samples exceeded the national secondary standard. Enrichment coefficient of cadmium was largest,which was 1.33. The contents of lead and cadmium in E city and the content of chromium in L city were the highest,which was respectively 28.8 mg/kg,0.34 mg/kg and 76.14 mg/kg. The average annual excess health risk levels of the heavy metals for adults and children from high to low were as follows： chromium（1.42×10^-8 and 1.42×10^-8）,cadmium（0.83×10^-8and 1.40×10^-8）,lead（0.92×10^-10 and 8.06×10^-10）. The sum of average annual excess health risk for children（2.91×10^-8）was higher than that for adults（2.83×10^-8）. The average annual excess risks of lead and cadmium for children and adults were similar in regional distribution. The risk of chromium for children and adults was same in different cities,which were 1.42×10^-8,and below the acceptable risk level（10^-6）.[Conclusion]In Hebei Province,the contents of lead and chromium in all farmland soil samples and cadmium in n86.26% of farmland soil samples have met the national secondary standard. In E,F,H,K an

关 键 词：农田土壤 重金属 含量 健康风险评价 地区分布 

分 类 号：R124[医药卫生—环境卫生学]