银川市流动人口的职业取向和社会保障调查  

Investigation on career orientation and social security of floating population in Yinchuan City

作　　者：宋臻敏 孙晓磊 吴佳[1] 刘春[1] 李桂林[1] 冯立霞[1] 陈永兰[1] 周健[1] 杨惠芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏医科大学公共卫生学院,宁夏银川750004 [2]银川市金凤区卫生监督所,宁夏银川750002

出　　处：《职业与健康》2016年第10期1425-1427,共3页Occupation and Health

基　　金：2013年国家级大学生创新项目(201310752015)

摘　　要：目的了解银川市流动人口的职业取向、职业性有害因素及社会保障,为科学制定流动人口相关社会政策提供参考。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,选取银川市兴庆区、金凤区、西夏区离开户籍所在地,2013年5月—2015年5月到银川市工作和生活的流动人口(年龄≥16岁,在银川工作≥3个月)1 000人进行问卷调查。结果 1男性多以制造业、建筑、装修等体力劳动为主,女性以餐饮、娱乐等服务行业为主;从事制造业/建筑业的流动人口以小学文化程度为主,高中及以上文化程度的流动人口大多从事文职/财务/管理等工作,不同性别和不同文化程度的流动人口其职业取向的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);2工作环境中接触的职业性有害因素以噪声、高空作业、有毒气体和粉尘为主,分别占96.7%、92.6%和84.7%;3流动人口中医疗保险、养老保险、工伤保险的平均参保率分别为31.3%、22.8%、22.1%,在享有的保险中,52.3%自己购买,44.3%无任何保险,17.6%单位投保。结论银川市流动人口职业取向与性别、学历和文化程度有关,总体参保率较低。[Objective]To understand the career orientation,occupational hazards and social security of floating population in Yinchuan City,provide the scientific reference for developing the social policies related to floating population.[Methods] A questionnaire survey was performed among 1 000 people collected from Xingqing District,Jinfeng District and Xixia District of Yinchuan City by the stratified random sampling,and the respondents were the floating population who have left the place of domicile and migrated to Yinchuan City from May 2013 to May 2015,aged over 156 years old and have worked in Yinchuan City for at least 3months.[Results]1The most of males were engaged in manufacturing,construction,and decoration industries,while the females were mainly engaged in service industries of restaurant and entertainment. A major of floating population in manufacturing industry/construction industry had the education level of primary school,and the floating people with the education level of high school or above were mainly engaged in civil service /finance/management. The differences in career orientation were statistically significant among different sex,education level groups（P〈0.05）. 2 The main occupational hazards in work environment were noise,working at height,and poisonous gas and dust,which accounted for 96.7%,92.6% and 84.7%,respectively. 3 The average insured rate of medical insurance,pension insurance and industrial injury insurance in floating population was respectively 31.3%,22.8% and 22.1%.52.3% of people purchased the insurance by themselves,44.3% had no insurance,and 17.6% were insured by the employers.[Conclusion]The career orientation of floating population is related to sex and education level in Yinchuan City,and the total insured rate is low.

关 键 词：流动人口 职业取向 社会保障 职业性有害因素 

分 类 号：R19[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]