全自动多通道农田无线集沙仪研究  

Design of Automatic Multi-channel Wireless Agricultural Sand Sampler

作　　者：刘海洋[1] 常佳丽[1] 陈智[1] 宣传忠[1] 司志民[1] 宋涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学机电工程学院,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第6期53-60,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41361058;41161045)

摘　　要：针对用于研究农田土壤风蚀的集沙仪自动化程度较低,不能实时记录集沙量数据且不具有无线传输和组网功能,给研究土壤风蚀起沙过程中不同阶段的沙粒运移特性带来诸多困难等问题,基于无线传感网络技术,以气流对冲式风沙分离器为基础,设计了研究农业土壤风蚀专用的全自动多通道无线集沙仪,实现了土壤风蚀量的自动采集、无线传输和实时数据处理等功能。实验表明,系统可实现对最多6个测点,每个测点8通道风蚀数据的循环自动采集,传感器最大响应时间为2 s;集沙仪每个集沙盒最大集沙量为180 g,旋转启动风速为3.4 m/s,平均集沙效率达到85%以上,称重传感器10 h连续测量误差在±0.04 g以内且测量精度达0.01 g;在射频功率最大、空中传输速率为1 kb/s时,32字节的数据包有效传输距离在1 000 m左右,通信建立时间小于5 s。该系统具有低功耗、使用方便、操作简单、自动数据采集等优点,能够满足研究农田土壤风蚀的需要。Currently,the automation level of sand samplers used for farmland soil wind erosion is very low. In addition,they can ＇t record the sediment data real-timely and have no functions of wireless transmission and networking. So it brings many difficulties and other issues to the study on motion characteristics of the soil wind erosion particles at different stages in the transport process. To solve these problems,a new type of automatic multi-channel wireless sand sampler based on wireless sensor network technology and the reverse hedge sand separator was designed. It was dedicated to study agricultural soil wind erosion and realize these functions of automatic acquisition of quantity of soil wind erosion,wireless transmission and real-time data processing. The results showed that the system can circularly scan up to six testing points,the eight channels of each testing point and automatically collect wind erosion data,and the maximum response time was no more than 2 s. The rotating start-up wind speed of the sand sampler was 3. 4 m/s,and the maximum weighing range was 0 ~ 180 g; the precision of weighing sensors was up to 0. 01 g and 10 hours continuous measurement error was within ± 0. 04 g with sampling efficiency more than 85%. The length of data packet was 32 bytes and the effective transmission distance can reach 1 000 m under the conditions of 1 kb/s transfer rate and maximum transmitting power.Communication setup time was less than 5 s. The system had advantages of low power consumption,easy to use,simple operation and automatic data acquisition,it can meet the needs of research on farmland soil wind erosion.

关 键 词：集沙仪 自动采集 无线传输 实时数据处理 

分 类 号：TP274.5[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] S237[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]