黄瓜气孔导度、水力导度的环境响应及其调控蒸腾效应  

Environmental Response of Stomatal and Hydraulic Conductances and Their Effects on Regulating Transpiration of Cucumber

作　　者：张中典[1] 张大龙[1] 李建明[1] 张智[1] 焦晓聪 张军[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第6期139-147,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31471916);陕西省农业科技创新与攻关项目(2015NY089)

摘　　要：以营养生长期温室黄瓜为研究对象,通过四元二次正交旋转组合设计,分析稳态流条件下土壤相对含水率、空气温度、空气湿度和光合有效辐射对气孔导度、土壤植物系统总水力导度的影响及其调控蒸腾效应。结果表明,4个环境因子对气孔导度、总水力导度均有正效应,对其影响最大的环境因子分别是空气湿度、空气温度;土壤相对含水率与光合有效辐射、空气温度与空气湿度对气孔导度和总水力导度存在明显的交互作用;空气湿度对气孔导度、总水力导度的单因子效应为开口向上的抛物线函数,其他环境因子的单因子效应皆趋近于线性递增函数;各因子的边际效应分析表明,空气湿度是气孔导度的主要调控途径,除光合有效辐射外,其他因子均可有效调控总水力导度。采用通径分析方法研究了环境因子、气孔导度、总水力导度调控蒸腾效应,结果表明,空气温度、光合有效辐射和气孔导度均主要通过增强总水力导度对蒸腾作用产生间接正效应,其次是对蒸腾作用的直接正效应;土壤相对含水率主要通过增强总水力导度和气孔导度对蒸腾作用产生间接正效应;空气湿度的直接影响为负效应,但其主要影响途径为通过增强总水力导度和气孔导度对蒸腾作用的正效应;气孔导度与总水力导度响应环境因子变化并相互作用,协同调控蒸腾作用。The effects of environmental factors,such as soil moisture（ SW）,air temperature（ T）,air relative humidity（ RH） and photosynthetic active radiation（ PAR） on stomatal conductance（ G_s） and total hydraulic conductance of soil-plant system（ K_t） under steady flow condition were analyzed,and regulation effects of these impact factors on plant transpiration were investigated. Greenhouse cucumber was used as the experimental material,based on the design of composite quadratic orthogonal regressive rotation where the artificial climate box was adopted,the main effects,single effects and marginal effects of four environmental impact factors on G_sand K_twere interpreted. The results showed that all environmental factors exerted positive effect on G_sand K_t,interaction effect was also found between SW and PAR,T and RH on G_sand K_t. The single effect of RH can be described by a parabolic function and those of other impact factors were described as linear function,which were increased with increase of G_s and K_t. The marginal effects of each impact factor on G_sand K_tshowed that RH was the main regulating path for G_s,and all the impact factors except PAR efficiently regulated K_t. The regulating effects of the four environmental factors,Gsand K_ton transpiration were analyzed with paths and correlation analyses.The results showed that T,PAR and G_smainly exerted indirect positive effect on transpiration bystrengthening K_t,which was followed by the direct positive effect on transpiration. SW mainly exerted indirect positive effect on transpiration by strengthening both K_tand G_s. RH exerted direct negative effect,while its main effect path was exerting indirect positive effect on transpiration by promoting G_sand K_t. Both G_sand K_twere remarkably responded to the four environmental impact factors and interactively regulated the transpiration synergistically.

关 键 词：温室黄瓜 环境响应 气孔导度 水力导度 蒸腾 旋转组合设计 

分 类 号：Q945.172[生物学—植物学] Q948.112