SHAW模型在冬小麦晚霜冻害监测中的适用性研究  

Applicability of Simultaneous Heat and Water Model for Monitoring Late Frost Injury of Winter Wheat

作　　者：刘峻明[1] 汪念[1] 王鹏新[1] 胡新 黄健熙[1] 潘佩珠 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学信息与电气工程学院,北京100083 [2]商丘市农林科学院小麦研究所,商丘476000

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第6期265-274,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41471342)

摘　　要：利用一维多层水热耦合SHAW（Simultaneous heat and water）模型,在2015年商丘田间实验基础上,模拟冬小麦拔节后晚霜冻敏感期幼穗层气温,并结合拔节后天数对晚霜冻害的发生及其程度进行监测,以研究SHAW模型在冬小麦晚霜冻害监测中的适用性。结果表明,模型能准确模拟晚霜冻敏感期幼穗层20~60 cm高度垂直方向上的每小时气温变化,模拟值与实测值间的绝对误差低于1℃的占44.7%,低于2℃的占72.5%,且夜晚的模拟效果优于白天,相较于气象站日最低气温,SHAW模型模拟的幼穗层日最低气温和低温持续时间更能反映实际冻害发生时的低温环境。由于农田小气候的影响,气象站、农田上方2 m高度和幼穗层气温具有较大差异性,当SHAW模型所需的农田上方2 m高度气象数据缺乏时,将气象站数据转换为农田2 m高度气象数据代入模型的模拟方法优于直接将气象站气象数据代入模型的模拟方法,前者模拟的幼穗层日最低气温与实测值更为接近,所确定的晚霜冻等级与实际情况更加符合。因此,利用SHAW模型对冬小麦晚霜冻害进行监测是可行且适用的,相较于传统的气象站日最低气温监测指标,可提高监测晚霜冻害发生情况和冻害程度的准确率。The late frost injury of winter wheat usually occurs during the jointing-heading stage and may result in severe yield loss in large areas,thus it is of significant importance to monitor and assess late frost injury of winter wheat real-timely and accurately. The simultaneous heat and water（ SHAW） model is a detailed process model of heat and water movement in plant-snow-residue-soil system,and it has the capability to simulate heat and water transfer within the canopy. The SHAW model was applied to simulate air temperature within winter wheat young ear layer at the sensitive period after jointing stage in Shangqiu City on the basis of field experiment in 2015,and it was also adopted to monitor occurrence and damage level of late frost injury combining with the days after jointing stage. The results indicated that the air temperature within young ear layer（ 20 ~ 60 cm） was accurately simulated as a whole,in which about44. 7% and 72. 5% of the absolute errors of simulated value were less than 1℃ and 2℃,respectively,and the simulated air temperature at night was better than that in the daytime. Compared with the minimum air temperature measured at the height of 1. 5 m at the meteorological station,the simulated minimum air temperature within the young ear layer of winter wheat and the low temperature duration can well express the low temperature environment of young ear when late frost injury was occurred. There were large differences among the minimum air temperature measured at the meteorological station,theminimum air temperature measured at 2 m height in the winter wheat fields and within the young ear layer because of the influence of field microclimate. The method which transformed air temperature data from the meteorological station into air temperature data at 2 m height in the winter wheat fields was better than the method which used air temperature data from the meteorological station as driving data of SHAW model directly,the minimum air temperature simulated by the former method was close to

关 键 词：SHAW模型 冬小麦 晚霜冻害 适用性 气温模拟 

分 类 号：S165.25[农业科学—农业气象学]