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机构地区:[1]浙江省台州气象局,台州318000
出 处:《气象》2016年第6期696-708,共13页Meteorological Monthly
基 金:浙江省气象科技计划项目青年项目(2012QN09)资助
摘 要:利用常规观测资料、中尺度自动站数据、新一代单站雷达资料及组网拼图产品、FY-2C红外云图产品及逐6 h NCEP再分析资料,对2014年3月19日发生在浙江台州地区的一次大范围冰雹过程进行了中尺度过程分析。研究表明:(1)通过环境场条件分析和订正后的探空资料诊断发现:台州地区处于下湿上干层结不稳定,在午后地面温度升高、对流有效位能增加、且0~3和0~6 km垂直风切变较大的情况下有利于出现风雹类强对流天气。(2)根据触发天气尺度对流系统活动的冷锋移动和演变情况,可以将整个过程分为四个阶段,台州雷雨大风和大范围冰雹过程主要产生于第三阶段。(3)成熟期根据系统的回波形态可以分为飑线形成、弓形回波、雹暴单体爆发三个阶段.在各时段的自动站要素和雷达产品上均表现出与其他时段显著不同的要素特征。(4)近地层充沛的水汽、较低的抬升凝结高度,南支槽、北方横槽南摆及高空急流出口区左侧造成的系统性抬升,地面冷锋、中尺度辐合线及地形的触发作用,是飑中系统台州地区爆发加强,从而造成冰雹大风天气的主要原因。(5)地市级预报员充分利用本地自动站传输的时效性优势,开展中分析补充订正业务能有效提升临近预报的质量。Using the data of conventional observation,mesoscale automatic station and new generation monostation radar,and networking and mosaic products,FY-2C infrared images and 6 h NCEP reanalysis data,mesoanalysis was taken on the process of widespread hail in Taizhou of Zhejiang on 19 March 2014.The results show that:(1)According to the analysis of environmental field conditions and the corrected sounding data,the lower wet and upper dry structure in Taizhou was unstable.In the situation of increased ground temperature and convective available potential energy and relatively large vertical wind shear at 0-3 km and 0-6 km after noon,wetness was conductive to the formation of severe convective weather such as the gale and hail.(2) According to the movement and evolution of cold front that triggered the movement of synoptic-scale convective system,the whole process could be divided into four stages,and the thunderstorm,gale and widespread hail appeared in the third stage.(3)The mature stage could be divided into three stages of squall line formation,bow echo and outbreak of hailstorm cells due to the echo forms of the system,which revealed the significantly different element characteristics in the automatic station elements and radar products compared to other stages.(4)The abundant vapor in the nearsurface layer,lower lifting condensation level,southern oscillation of southern branch trough and northern transverse trough,systematic lifting on the left of upper-level jet stream exit area,and triggering of cold front near surface,mesoscale convergence line and landform were the main causes for the enhanced outbreak of squall system in Taizhou.leading to hail weather with gale.(5) Forecasters make full use of timeliness advantages of automatic stations,carrying out the correction of mesoanalysis work can effectively improve the quality of nowcasting.
关 键 词:中分析 冰雹 雷雨大风 飑线 弓形回波 超级单体
分 类 号:P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]
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