长江中下游地区暖区暴雨特征分析  

Characteristics Analysis of Warm-Sector Rainstorms over the Middle-Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：陈玥[1] 谌芸 陈涛 何晗[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学,南京210044 [2]国家气象中心,北京100081 [3]成都信息工程大学,成都610225

出　　处：《气象》2016年第6期724-731,共8页Meteorological Monthly

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41175048);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206004和GYHY201406003)共同资助

摘　　要：利用2007到2013年5-9月间常规和非常规资料以及6 h一次的NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,将长江中下游地区暖区暴雨按天气形势划分为冷锋前暖区暴雨、暖切变暖区暴雨以及副热带高压边缘暖区暴雨三种类型。统计表明暖区暴雨一般发生在距离切变线（锋线）100~300 km的暖区内。主要结论包括：（1）冷锋型降水强度偏弱且分布均匀,集中在5、6月;暖切变型发生次数最多且强度大,主要发生在6、7月长江中下游地区的偏南部;副热带高压边缘型发生次数最少但强度较大,发生在7、8月。暖区暴雨的发生次数及强度在大别山、皖南山区较为集中。（2）暖区暴雨中短时强降水贡献大。（3）冷锋背景下的暖区暴雨一般产生在锋前低压槽中,暴雨落区与高低空急流耦合有紧密联系;暖切变型以低层暖切变线为主要天气背景,地面常有弱静止锋,暖区对流活动与中尺度急流结构、地形强迫等因素存在较高的相关性;副热带高压边缘暖区暴雨与局地的水汽积累和对流不稳定条件的发展有密切关系。据此建立三类暖区暴雨的概念模型。By analyzing the NCEP 1°×1° 6 h reanalysis data and conventional and non-conventional observation data from May to September during 2007 — 2013,the warm-sector rainstorms over the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River are studied.The warm-sector rainstorms in this area can be divided into three types based on the weather situation,which are cold-front,warm shear-line and the edge of subtropical high.The statistical results show that the warm-sector rainstorms occur generally in the warm sector being100 — 300 km away from the shear line at 850 hPa（cold front on the ground）.The significant characteristics obtained from the research are：（1） the cold-front-type precipitation often occurs in May and June,with weak intensity and uniform distribution.The warm shear-line-type rainfall usually occurs in the south part of this area with high frequency and strong intensity,mainly in June and July.The precipitation on the edge of subtropical high occurs least but with the strongest intensity and often in July and August.The orographic action of the Dabie Mountain and Wannan Mountain provide favorable conditions for local heavy rains.（2） Short-time heavy rainfalls make great contribution to the rainstorm.（3） The warm-sector rainstorms under the background of cold front generally happen in the prefrontal trough,and the rainfall area is closely related to the coupling of upper and low-level jets.In the second type,the rainstorms have high correlations with the structure of mesoscale jet and topographic forcing under the background of warm shear line in the lower level and stationary front on the ground.And the heavy rainfall happens on the edge of the subtropical high has close relations with accumulation of water vapor and the development of convective instability condition.Thus,three kinds of conceptual model have been built based on the above.

关 键 词：暖区暴雨 统计 冷锋 暖切变 副热带高压 

分 类 号：P466[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]