4个油茶物种杂交亲和性分析  

Cross-compatibility of Four Kinds of Camellia Species

作　　者：常维霞 姚小华[2] 龙伟[2] 叶思诚[2] 束庆龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学林学与园林学院,合肥230036 [2]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,富阳311400

出　　处：《植物研究》2016年第4期527-534,共8页Bulletin of Botanical Research

基　　金：浙江省农业新品种选育重大科技专项项目<油茶高产优质新品种选育及示范>(2012C12908-16);国家科技支撑项目"油茶高产优质新种质创制"(2009BADB1B01);油茶产业升级关键技术研究与示范(2009BADB1B00)~~

摘　　要：为探明油茶的自交亲和状况,以山茶属攸县油茶(Camellia yuhsienensis Hu)、浙江红山茶(C.chekiangoleosa Hu)、多齿红山茶(C.polyodonta How)、南山茶(C.semiserrata Chi)、为试验材料,采用自交异交控制授粉,结合田间座果率动态调查,统计分析不同授粉处理后的结实性及果实的性状特征,并计算自交亲和指数。结果表明,4份材料的自交亲和指数有差异,自交亲和指数高低依次为:攸县油茶(0.288 8)>多齿红花油茶(0.251 1)>浙江红花油茶(0.122 2)>南山茶(0)。4个物种自交亲和指数均小于1,因而,认为4个物种均为自交不亲和植物。4种授粉方式后的结实率及结籽数呈现异株异花>自由授粉>同株异花自交>自花自交的趋势。在蒴果性状上,自交处理所得果实的性状指标均低于异交处理水平。油茶自交授粉后,落果迅速,异株异交授粉处理在各个时期座果率均高于自交处理的水平。4种油茶具有普遍自交不亲和性,自交不亲和是4个物种落花落果,结实低,产量低的主要原因。By artificial pollination, dynamic survey of fruits setting rates, and analyzing the seed setting rates and fruits characters among different kinds of pollinations, four kinds of Camellia species were tested to study the characteristics of serf-compatibility. The serf-compatibility of four kinds of Camellia species was different, and the serf-compatibility indexes of all materials were ranged in 0 - 0.29. The serf-compatible indexes among four kinds of camellia species were C. yuhsienensis Hu （ 0. 288 8 ） 〉 C. polyodonta How （ 0. 251 1 ） 〉 C. chekiangoleosa Hu（0. 122 2） 〉 C. semiserrata Chi（0）. All of the materials were considered as self-incompatible species because the serf-compatibility of four kinds of Camellia species were less than 1. The average fruit setting rates and seed setting rates between different pollinations was outcrossing 〉 opening 〉 geitonogamy 〉 selfing. The character degree of self-pollination fruits was inferior to cross-pollination fruits. Fruits dropped faster after self-pollination, and fruit setting rates of cross-pollination was higher than that of self-pollination. Four kinds of Camellia species were completely serf-incompatible. High serf-incompatibility was the main factor causing flower and fruit dropping and low production.

关 键 词：攸县油茶 浙江红山茶 多齿红山茶 南山茶 自交亲和指数 

分 类 号：S794.4[农业科学—林木遗传育种]