土壤不同形态镉铅污染现状及对农作物的影响  

Pollution situation of Cd and Pb in soil and their impacts on crops

作　　者：刘若星[1] 卜勇军[1] 行慧莉 赵海军[1] 田玉慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]新乡医学院公共卫生学院新乡市食品微量检测重点实验室,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《国外医学（医学地理分册）》2016年第2期99-102,共4页Foreign Medical Sciences：Section of Medgeography

基　　金：河南省政府决策研究招标课题项目(编号:2011B656)

摘　　要：目的探讨土壤中不同形态镉、铅污染现状及对农作物的影响。方法以定点采样方法选取河南省新乡市的农田土壤及其当地的农作物,参照GB/T 5009-2003标准方法中原子吸收光谱法对重金属镉、铅进行测定,用连续提取法获得不同形态镉、铅溶液。结果土壤中不同形态镉含量以水溶态最高,为0.281 6 mg/kg,占26.1%。土壤中不同形态铅含量以铁锰氧化物结合态最高,为1.498 8mg/kg,占46.9%。土壤样品中总镉的含量均超标,总铅的含量明显低于标准规定的限值。土壤中残渣态镉与非叶菜镉富集呈正相关(P<0.05),交换态的铅与叶菜中的镉富集呈正相关(P<0.01);残渣态的铅含量与非叶菜中镉富集呈正相关(P<0.01)。结论耕层土壤中Cd的形态具有较高的生物活性,土壤中Pb的形态以人为活动对环境的污染为主,土壤中镉、铅形态影响蔬菜中镉的富集。Objective To study the pollution situation of heavy metal Cd and Pb in cultivated soil and their impacts on crops.Methods Soil and crops samples were collected from different irrigation areas of Xinxiang City.The contents of Cd and Pb were determined by furnace atomic absorption（GB/T5009-2003）.The different fractions of Cd and Pb were extracted by sequential extraction procedures.Results The highest fraction of Cd in the soil was water soluble（0.281 6 mg/kg）,accounting for 26.1% of the total.The highest fraction of Pb was Fe-Mn oxide-bound（1.498 8 mg/kg）,accounting for 46.9% of the total.Total Cd content in the soil samples exceeded the standard limit,while the Pb content was below the standard limit.There was positive correlation between residual Cd in soil and Cd bioaccumulation in non-leaf vegetables（P0.05）.There was positive correlation between exchangeable fractions of Pb in soil and Cd bioaccumulation in leaf vegetables（P0.01）.There was positive correlation between residual Pb in soil and Cd bioaccumulation in non-leaf vegetables（P0.01）.Conclusion The fractions of Cd in cultivated soil have high biological activity.The fractions of Pb are mainly related to human activities on the environment pollution.The fractions of Cd and Pb in soil affect the bioaccumulation of cadmium in vegetables.

关 键 词：土壤 镉 铅 不同形态 农作物 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]