不同灌水方式根层土壤水分动态及耗水规律试验研究  

Experimental Research on the Rules of Water Consumption and Soil Water Dynamics about Root Layer of Different Irrigation Methods

作　　者：汪顺生[1] 王康三 孟鹏涛[1] 刘东鑫[1] 

机构地区：[1]华北水利水电大学水利学院,郑州450045

出　　处：《中国农村水利水电》2016年第6期9-13,18,共6页China Rural Water and Hydropower

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51279157);河南省教育厅科学技术研究重点项目(12A210018)

摘　　要：通过冬小麦、夏玉米周年连作种植试验,观测不同灌水方式根层土壤水分的动态变化,揭示了不同灌水方式和土层深度土壤含水率的变化规律,建立不同时期、不同土层的土壤水含量变化曲线,进而研究出冬小麦、夏玉米不同生育阶段的耗水规律。结果表明：夏玉米生育期土壤含水量波动较冬小麦频繁,周年内,水分处理越高,土壤含水量波动越大,0-20cm土层内土壤含水率波动频率大,且波动幅度也较大,随着土层加深,土壤含水量波动减小;两种作物都是拔节期到灌浆期耗水量最大,约占全生育期耗水量的45%-50%;与传统畦灌模式相比,沟灌各水分处理的耗水量减少38.15-44.13mm,水分利用效率提高9.17%-22.73%。其中L-70处理的产量较高,耗水量适度,水分生产效率最高,小麦、玉米分别平均达到1.84、1.81kg/m3,满足节水高产的宗旨。Through the experiment of continuous cropping of winter wheat and summer corn anniversary, the dynamic change of root layer soil moisture is observed in different irrigations, the curves of soil water content in different periods and different soil layers are established, then the water consumption law of winter wheat and summer corn at different stages is studied. The results show that the fluctuation of soil moisture in the growth period of summer maize is more frequent than in winter wheat. Within an anniversary, the higher the water processing, the greater the soil moisture fluctuations. The soil moisture fluctuation frequently in 0;20 cm soil layer is big and the volatility is greater. As with the depth of soil layer, the fluctuation of soil moisture content decreases. The largest water consumption of two crop is in the jointing state to filling state, which accounts for 45% to 50; of growth period consumption. Compared with the traditional border irrigation mode, furrow irrigation water consumption of each water treatment to reduce 38. 15;44. 13 mm,and water use efficiency increases by 9. 17%;22. 73%. The yield of L-70 is higher, the water consumption is moderate and the water production efficiency is highest, and the average reaches 1.84,1.81 kg/ma ,which meets the purpose of water -saving and high yield.

关 键 词：灌水方式 土壤水分动态 阶段耗水量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.3[农业科学—农业水土工程] TV93[农业科学—农业工程]